Nokea
How are viruses categorized?
- A. Size and shape
- B. Presence or absence of an outer envelope
- C. All of these are ways in which a virus is categorized
- D. Type of nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Viruses are categorized based on several criteria, including size and shape, presence or absence of an outer envelope, and type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). Therefore, the most comprehensive answer is that all these factors are used for categorization.
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What does the mitochondrion produce that causes it to often be called the powerhouse of the cell?
- A. ATP
- B. Enzymes
- C. DNA
- D. Proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mitochondrion produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. This energy production is why mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. ATP generated by mitochondria is essential for various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, cell division, and macromolecule synthesis, making it a crucial organelle for cell function.
In binomial nomenclature, what is the second part of an organismÄ€™s scientific name?
- A. species
- B. phylum
- C. population
- D. kingdom
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In binomial nomenclature, the scientific name of an organism consists of two parts: the genus name (first part) and the species name (second part). The second part, 'species,' helps differentiate between different organisms within the same genus. This specific naming system is critical for accurate identification and classification of organisms. Hence, the correct answer is 'species.'
Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?
- A. mitochondrion.
- B. Nucleus.
- C. Cytoplasm.
- D. Chloroplast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Which genetic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?
- A. Phenotype
- B. Genotype
- C. Homozygote
- D. Karyotype
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, including physical appearance, behavior, and physiological properties. It is influenced by the organism's genotype and environmental factors. Genotype, on the other hand, represents the genetic makeup of an organism, while homozygote refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene. Karyotype, on the other hand, refers to the complete set of chromosomes in an individual.
The structure of a bacteria is circular. Which bacteria fits this criteria?
- A. Mycobacterium.
- B. Actinomyces.
- C. Clostridium.
- D. Neisseria.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The correct answer is C: Clostridium.
2. Clostridium is a type of bacteria that has a circular structure known as a plasmid.
3. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria.
4. Mycobacterium (A) has a rod-shaped structure with a linear chromosome.
5. Actinomyces (B) has a filamentous structure, not circular.
6. Neisseria (D) has a diplococci shape, not circular.
In summary, Clostridium fits the criteria of having a circular structure due to its plasmid, making it the correct choice.