Nokea
How can healthcare providers support women after stillbirth?
- A. Offer emotional counseling
- B. Explain causes clearly
- C. Support in planning future pregnancies
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 1. Emotional counseling helps women cope with grief.
2. Explaining causes provides closure and understanding.
3. Supporting future pregnancies ensures better outcomes.
4. All options address different aspects of support needed after stillbirth.
5. Therefore, providing emotional counseling, explaining causes, and supporting future pregnancies collectively offer comprehensive care.
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Chemical diabetes mellitus is a classification based on
- A. Symptom are absent and abnormal specific laboratory results
- B. Presence of symptoms and abnormal specific laboratory results
- C. Previous congenital abnormalities and unexplained stillbirth
- D. Previous birth of a baby weighing >4.3kg and spontaneous abortion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Symptom are absent and abnormal specific laboratory results. Chemical diabetes mellitus refers to a condition where there are abnormal specific laboratory results indicating diabetes without the presence of any symptoms. This classification is based on objective data from laboratory tests rather than subjective symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the definition of chemical diabetes mellitus, which focuses on laboratory results rather than symptoms, congenital abnormalities, or pregnancy outcomes.
Trial of scar is likely to have an auspicious outcome if the
- A. Estimated fetal weight is below 3500 grams
- B. Maternal body mass index is estimated at 27.5
- C. Gestational age is approximately 42 weeks
- D. Maternal age is approximately 42 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because an estimated fetal weight below 3500 grams indicates a lower risk of complications during childbirth. Higher fetal weight increases the likelihood of shoulder dystocia and birth injuries. Maternal body mass index, gestational age, and maternal age do not directly impact the likelihood of a favorable outcome during a trial of scar.
Ms. Kweke’s specific management until delivery (obstructed labour):
- A. Immediate caesarean section
- B. Observation with pain relief
- C. Manual repositioning of fetus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immediate caesarean section. In obstructed labor, prompt delivery is crucial to prevent harm to both the mother and the baby. A caesarean section is the most effective and timely intervention to safely deliver the baby and avoid complications such as fetal distress, maternal infection, and uterine rupture. Observation with pain relief (B) may delay necessary intervention, and manual repositioning of the fetus (C) is not sufficient in cases of obstructed labor. Choice D is incorrect because not all options are appropriate in this specific scenario.
Non-infective mastitis is associated with
- A. Cellulitis
- B. Flat nipples
- C. Bifid nipples
- D. Adenitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Non-infective mastitis is associated with adenitis because it refers to inflammation of breast tissue without an infection. Adenitis specifically involves inflammation of the lymph nodes, which can be a common cause of non-infective mastitis. Cellulitis (A) is an infection of the skin and tissues beneath the skin, not specific to mastitis. Flat (B) and bifid (C) nipples are anatomical variations that do not directly relate to the inflammation of breast tissue.
The presenting diameters in face presentation are
- A. Submentovertival, bitemporal
- B. Submentobregmatic, bitemporal
- C. Submentobregmatic, biparietal
- D. Mentovertical, bitemporal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Submentovertival, bitemporal. In a face presentation, the presenting diameters are submentovertival (chin to vertex) and bitemporal (temple to temple). This is because the fetus is in a face-first position with the chin presenting first. Option B is incorrect because submentobregmatic is not a recognized presenting diameter in face presentation. Option C is incorrect as biparietal refers to the widest transverse diameter of the fetal head, not relevant in face presentation. Option D is incorrect as mentovertical is not a valid presenting diameter in face presentation.