Nokea
How can the nurse best provide culturally sensitive care?
- A. Become familiar with physical differences among ethnic groups.
- B. Provide the proper food for nourishment.
- C. Accept each client as a unique individual.
- D. Facilitate rituals that bring comfort to the client.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Becoming familiar with physical differences, providing food that is customary to the culture, and facilitating rituals are all recommendations for enhancing transcultural sensitivity, but accepting each client as an individual is a characteristic that is found in the provision of culturally competent care.
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The nurse is discussing a client's beliefs about health and illness and how it is treated. The client expresses the idea that illness and disease are based on a cause-and-effect philosophy of human body functions. The client's view matches which perspective?
- A. biomedical or scientific
- B. yin-yang theory
- C. magico-religious
- D. hot/cold theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The biomedical or scientific view is generally shared by Western health care personnel and is based on cause-and-effect relationships. An example is the belief that bacterial or viral organisms cause meningitis. The natural or holistic view espouses that human beings are only one part of nature. Natural balance or harmony is essential for health. Examples of this perspective include hot/cold theory and yin-yang theory. According to the magico-religious perspective, supernatural forces dominate. Examples include faith healing in some Christian faiths and voodoo or witchcraft in some Caribbean cultures.
The nurse is caring for a client who avoids looking the nurse straight in the eye. Which consideration(s) should the nurse account for when providing care for the client? Select all that apply.
- A. Avoiding eye contact may be a sign of respect.
- B. Direct eye contact may be viewed as an invasion of privacy.
- C. Standing directly in front of the client's gaze when speaking may encourage attentiveness.
- D. Using stereotyping may help the nurse avoid incorrect assumptions about the client's behavior.
- E. Determining the cause of the client's behavior may be accomplished by generalization.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The possibilities that avoiding eye contact may be a sign of respect, and that direct eye contact may be viewed as an invasion of privacy, are considerations the nurse should account for when providing care of the client who avoids looking the nurse straight in the eye. Standing directly in front of the client's gaze when speaking does not convey a desire to understand the client's behavior or provide a comfortable climate for the client. The nurse should avoid stereotyping and making assumptions about the client's behavior. Generalization should not be used to determine the cause of the client's behavior. Instead, generalization should be used to identify common trends in a group while recognizing that more information is needed; it does not describe an individual client.
A client of Japanese descent describes a family trait of having less relief from analgesics than a friend of German descent. Which statement best describes this client's situation?
- A. The client should be assessed for concurrent use of herbal preparations.
- B. The client's racial background can affect drug metabolism.
- C. This type of medication should not be prescribed to this client.
- D. Biocultural ecology is the study of biologic cultural differences.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client's racial background can influence many things including drug metabolism, which would explain why the client reports receiving less relief from analgesics than a friend from another racial background. The client should be assessed for the use of herbal preparations but that does not necessarily explain the client's reaction to analgesics. There is no indication that analgesics should not be prescribed to the client. It is correct that biocultural ecology is the study of biologic cultural differences, but this option is not the best description of the client's situation. It just provides a definition of biocultural ecology.
Which describes the inability to recognize the values, beliefs, and practices of others because of one's strong ethnocentric preferences?
- A. Acculturation
- B. Cultural imposition
- C. Cultural blindness
- D. Cultural taboos
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cultural blindness is an inability to recognize the values, beliefs, and practices of others because of strong ethnocentric preferences. Cultural taboos are activities governed by rules of behavior that a particular cultural group avoids, forbids, or prohibits. Acculturation involves adapting to or taking on the behaviors of another group. Cultural norms are inclination to impose one's cultural beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on people from a different culture.
Which concept characterizes transcultural nursing?
- A. Performing health-related activities and restoring wellness
- B. Acknowledging that clients with the same skin tone have similar social situations
- C. Planning care compatible with the client's health belief system
- D. Influencing culture by specific conditions related to an environment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planning care compatible with the client's health belief system is a characteristic of transcultural nursing. Acknowledging that clients with the same skin tone have similar social situations leads to stereotyping. Stereotyping can be dangerous because it is dehumanizing and also interferes in accepting others as unique individuals. Culture is influenced by specific conditions related to environment. Performing health-related activities and restoring wellness is an important aspect of nursing and does not only pertain to transcultural nursing.