TEAS 7 science practice questions

TEAS 7 science practice questions Related

Review TEAS 7 science practice questions related questions and content

How do spindle fiber dynamics and microtubule attachment regulate cell cycle checkpoints?

  • A. Misaligned chromosomes fail to attach to microtubules, triggering a delay in anaphase onset.
  • B. The presence of unattached kinetochores on the centromeres sends a signal to pause cell cycle progression.
  • C. Microtubule instability and rapid depolymerization lead to the activation of checkpoint proteins.
  • D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A) Misaligned chromosomes fail to attach to microtubules, triggering a delay in anaphase onset: Proper attachment of chromosomes to spindle fibers is essential for accurate segregation of genetic material during cell division. Misaligned chromosomes that fail to attach to microtubules can lead to delays in anaphase onset, allowing the cell to correct errors before proceeding with division.

B) The presence of unattached kinetochores on the centromeres sends a signal to pause cell cycle progression: Kinetochores at the centromeres help attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. When kinetochores are unattached or improperly attached to microtubules, they signal the cell to pause cell cycle progression, ensuring proper chromosome alignment before division.

C) Microtubule instability and rapid depolymerization lead to the activation of checkpoint proteins: While microtubule dynamics are crucial for cell division, microtubule instability and rapid depolymerization can disrupt chromosome attachment. However, this mechanism is not directly related to the activation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, making this statement incorrect.

Therefore, choices A and B accurately describe how spindle fiber dynamics and microtubule attachment regulate cell cycle checkpoints, making option D the correct answer.

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Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate and breathing?

  • A. Medulla oblongata
  • B. Pons
  • C. Midbrain
  • D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is a critical part of the brainstem responsible for regulating essential functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. It houses centers that oversee these involuntary processes, making it the correct answer. The pons, midbrain, and thalamus do not primarily control heart rate and breathing, thus making them incorrect choices for this question.

What is the main component of stomach acid?

  • A. Hydrochloric acid
  • B. Bicarbonate
  • C. Bile salts
  • D. Enzymes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, is primarily composed of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid plays a crucial role in the digestive process by helping to break down food and kill bacteria in the stomach. Bicarbonate is a base that helps neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it is not the main component of stomach acid. Bile salts are produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats, but they are not the main component of stomach acid. Enzymes are proteins that help catalyze chemical reactions in the body, including the breakdown of food molecules during digestion, but they are not the main component of stomach acid.

How many amino acids can make up a protein?

  • A. 10-20
  • B. 50-100
  • C. 100-500
  • D. 1000+
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, and there are 20 standard amino acids commonly found in proteins. The sequence and arrangement of these amino acids determine the structure and function of a protein. While proteins can vary in size and complexity, the number of amino acids typically ranges from around 10 to 20 in smaller proteins to hundreds or even thousands in larger proteins. Therefore, the range of 10-20 amino acids is the most accurate representation of the number of amino acids that can make up a protein. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide ranges that are beyond the typical number of amino acids found in proteins and may lead to confusion. The correct answer is A (10-20).

What is the main function of the gallbladder?

  • A. To store and concentrate bile
  • B. To produce digestive enzymes
  • C. To absorb nutrients
  • D. To neutralize stomach acid
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that plays a crucial role in the digestive system. Its main function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine to help with the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile, allowing it to be released in a controlled manner when needed to aid in the digestion of fatty foods. Option A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the main function of the gallbladder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the gallbladder does not produce digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, or neutralize stomach acid. These functions are carried out by other organs in the digestive system, such as the pancreas, small intestine, and stomach, respectively.

Which statement accurately describes the electron cloud model of the atom?

  • A. Electrons precisely orbit the nucleus in defined paths.
  • B. Electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus with varying probabilities.
  • C. Electrons are clustered tightly within the nucleus.
  • D. Electrons move randomly throughout the entire atom.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The electron cloud model of the atom describes electrons as occupying specific energy levels around the nucleus with varying probabilities. This model does not suggest that electrons precisely orbit in defined paths as stated in option A. It acknowledges the wave-like behavior of electrons and their uncertainty in position, which is not accounted for in options C and D. Option C is incorrect as electrons are not clustered tightly within the nucleus but exist in the space surrounding the nucleus. Option D is incorrect as electrons do not move randomly throughout the entire atom but have specific probabilities of being found in different regions based on their energy levels. Therefore, option B is the most accurate description of the electron cloud model of the atom.

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