Biology HESI A2 Practice Test

Biology HESI A2 Practice Test Related

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How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?

  • A. asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell
  • B. asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
  • C. sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
  • D. sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sexual reproduction involves two cells (gametes) that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater genetic variation in the offspring. This genetic variation is essential for evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. In contrast, asexual reproduction involves one cell dividing to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice A is incorrect because sexual reproduction does not result in half of the cells being identical to the original cell; it involves two cells contributing genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not result in significantly greater variation; it produces genetically identical offspring. Choice D is incorrect because sexual reproduction involves two cells contributing genetic material, not one cell yielding all identical cells.

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The apical side of an epithelial cell:

  • A. Is exposed to fluid or air
  • B. Is on the bottom side of the cell
  • C. Does not allow any substances to pass through
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The apical side of an epithelial cell is the top side, which is typically exposed to fluids, air, or the inside of an organ. This side allows substances to pass through it, facilitating the absorption, secretion, or excretion of various substances. Choice B is incorrect as the apical side is not on the bottom but the top side. Choice C is incorrect as the apical side does allow substances to pass through. Choice D is incorrect as there are characteristics associated with the apical side.

How do animal cells divide?

  • A. Through a contractile ring
  • B. Via a cell plate
  • C. Both methods
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Animal cells divide through a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments. The ring contracts, pinching the cell membrane in the middle to form two daughter cells. Plant cells use a cell plate due to their rigid cell walls, making choices B and C incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as animal cells do use the contractile ring method for division.

Which of the following is not true about enzymes?

  • A. They catalyze reactions
  • B. They lower the activation energy needed
  • C. They have an active site
  • D. They are typically proteins
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, not raise it. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes facilitate reactions, making them occur more easily and rapidly. Choice A is correct as enzymes indeed catalyze reactions. Choice C is correct as enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind. Choice D is correct as enzymes are commonly proteins, although some RNA molecules also exhibit catalytic properties.

In the scientific process, which of the following is a statement or explanation of certain events or happenings?

  • A. hypothesis
  • B. observation
  • C. experiment
  • D. conclusion
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A hypothesis is a statement or explanation of certain events or phenomena based on observations and prior knowledge. It is a testable prediction that guides the scientific investigation process. By formulating a hypothesis, scientists can make predictions and design experiments to gather data and test the validity of the hypothesis. Observations (choice B) involve gathering information through the senses. Experiments (choice C) are procedures carried out to support or refute a hypothesis. Conclusions (choice D) are deductions made based on the results of experiments and observations, but they are not the initial statement or explanation of events or happenings.

Cytosine and thymine are known as:

  • A. Purines
  • B. Pyrimidines
  • C. Both
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cytosine and thymine are known as pyrimidines because they have a single carbon ring structure. Purines, on the other hand, have a double-ring structure. Choice A ('Purines') is incorrect because purines have a double-ring structure, unlike cytosine and thymine. Choice C ('Both') is incorrect as it implies they are both purines and pyrimidines, which is not true. Choice D ('None of the above') is incorrect because cytosine and thymine are indeed pyrimidines.

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