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How does estrogen work in COC pills?
- A. inhibits ovulation through suppression of LH hormone
- B. provides most of the contraceptive effect of the COC
- C. stabilizes the endometrium for less unscheduled bleeding
- D. inhibits sperm penetration by thickening cervical mucus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrogen in combined oral contraceptive (COC) pills works primarily by inhibiting ovulation through the suppression of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. By maintaining consistent levels of estrogen in the body, COC pills prevent the release of eggs from the ovary. This prevents fertilization from occurring, which is one of the main mechanisms of action of COC pills to provide contraception. While estrogen also has other effects such as stabilizing the endometrium to reduce unscheduled bleeding, its main role in COC pills is to inhibit ovulation and prevent pregnancy through hormonal regulation.
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In what way is the Mongan Method of childbirth education beneficial to birthing people?
- A. It helps people push with great effort in second stage labor.
- B. Birthing people feel confident about the use of an epidural to relax the body.
- C. People are taught how to release fear to decrease pain.
- D. HypnoBirthing is proven to be 100 percent effective in relieving pain in labor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Mongan Method focuses on releasing fear to reduce pain, promoting a calm birthing experience.
A primigravida is dilated 5cm just received epidural for pain. She complains of feeling lightheaded within 10 minutes after the
- A. Her BP was 120/80 before procedure and now 80/
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The incomplete statement suggests a potential medical emergency where the patient's blood pressure may have dropped significantly after the epidural procedure. The drop in blood pressure could be causing the patient to feel lightheaded. In this scenario, the most appropriate course of action would be to promptly address the drop in blood pressure to prevent any potential complications.
A nurse on the labor and delivery unit is assessing four clients. Which of the following clients is a candidate for an induction of labor with misoprostol?
- A. A client who has active genital herpes
- B. A client who has gestational diabetes mellitus
- C. A client who has a previous uterine incision
- D. A client who has placenta previa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analog that is commonly used for labor induction. It is particularly useful in clients with a previous uterine incision, such as a cesarean section scar, because it helps soften the cervix and promote uterine contractions, which can lead to successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Misoprostol can be an effective method for inducing labor in these clients while minimizing the risk of uterine rupture. However, it is important to closely monitor clients for signs of uterine hyperstimulation when using misoprostol for labor induction.
A nurse is assessing a client who is at 31 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings show potential prenatal complication?
- A. Periodic tingling of fingers
- B. Absence of clonus
- C. Leg cramps
- D. Blurred vision
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blurred vision is a potential prenatal complication during the third trimester of pregnancy and can be a sign of conditions such as preeclampsia or gestational diabetes. It is important for the nurse to further assess this finding and consult with the healthcare provider to ensure appropriate management and monitoring of the client's condition. Periodic tingling of fingers, absence of clonus, and leg cramps are common discomforts during pregnancy and do not typically indicate a prenatal complication.
A nurse is conducting an orientation program for a group of newly hired nurses. As part of the program, the nurse is reviewing the issue of informed consent. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the group identifies which situation as a violation of informed consent?
- A. Performing a procedure on a 15-year-old without parental consent
- B. Serving as a witness to the signature process on an operative permit
- C. Asking whether the client understands what she is signing following receiving education
- D. Getting verbal consent over the phone for an emergency procedure from the spouse of a unconscious woman
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In most states, only clients over the age of 18 can legally provide consent for health care. Serving as a witness to the signature process, asking whether the client understands what she is signing, and getting verbal consent over the phone for emergency procedures are all key to informed consent and are not violations.