Nokea
GETTING A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP:
Have you ever found yourself staring at the ceiling at 2:00 a.m.? Have you kicked the blankets off to the floor from burning? Many sufferers of insomnia know these situations all too well. As many as 17% of Americans find the restful break of sleep hard to achieve.
Lack of sleep affects intellectual abilities at work or school by causing a deficit in memory, attention, and concentration, which in turn creates a feeling of irritation or depression. Chronic insomnia can result from a medical illness, a psychiatric condition, or from sleep apnea, a condition where an individual actually stops breathing during sleep.
Sleep hygiene, developing good sleep habits, and non-pharmacological therapies such as herbs and spices are some solutions to insomnia. There is no need to live with insomnia, so contact a physician and get a good night's sleep!
How does insomnia affect intellectual abilities?
- A. Causes a deficit in memory, concentration, and attention.
- B. Improves mental alertness.
- C. Boosts concentration levels.
- D. Has no effect on intellectual abilities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insomnia affects intellectual abilities by causing a deficit in memory, concentration, and attention. The passage highlights that lack of sleep impacts memory, attention, and concentration, leading to feelings of irritation or depression. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the negative impact insomnia has on intellectual abilities as described in the passage.
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GETTING A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP:
Have you ever found yourself staring at the ceiling at 2:00 a.m.? Have you kicked the blankets off to the floor from burning? Many sufferers of insomnia know these situations all too well. As many as 17% of Americans find the restful break of sleep hard to achieve.
Lack of sleep affects intellectual abilities at work or school by causing a deficit in memory, attention, and concentration, which in turn creates a feeling of irritation or depression. Chronic insomnia can result from a medical illness, a psychiatric condition, or from sleep apnea, a condition where an individual actually stops breathing during sleep.
Sleep hygiene, developing good sleep habits, and non-pharmacological therapies such as herbs and spices are some solutions to insomnia. There is no need to live with insomnia, so contact a physician and get a good night's sleep!
What is a solution to insomnia?
- A. Developing good sleep habits and using herbs and spices.
- B. Avoiding physical activity.
- C. Staying awake for longer periods.
- D. Eating large meals before bed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Developing good sleep habits and using herbs and spices. The passage highlights that sleep hygiene, which involves developing good sleep habits and non-pharmacological therapies like herbs and spices, are solutions to insomnia. These methods aim to promote better sleep quality. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding physical activity, staying awake for longer periods, and eating large meals before bed can actually worsen insomnia symptoms and disrupt sleep patterns.
AMAZON RAINFOREST:
About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water.
The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds
and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there.
Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment.
It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar.
What fact is stated about the Amazon Rainforest in the passage?
- A. The Amazon Rainforest is shrinking rapidly.
- B. The Amazon Rainforest is home to diverse species.
- C. The Amazon Rainforest is unaffected by human activity.
- D. The Amazon Rainforest contains few animals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The passage highlights the incredible biodiversity of the Amazon Rainforest, emphasizing its diverse species of plants and animals. The passage describes the rainforest as home to over 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. It also mentions the vast variety of insects, trees, and plants present in the rainforest, showcasing its rich ecosystem. Choice A is incorrect as the passage does not directly state that the Amazon Rainforest is shrinking rapidly, although it does mention the dangers it faces. Choice C is incorrect as the passage clearly indicates that human activity, such as deforestation, poses a significant threat to the rainforest. Choice D is incorrect as the passage provides evidence of a high number of animals inhabiting the Amazon Rainforest.
GETTING A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP:
Have you ever found yourself staring at the ceiling at 2:00 a.m.? Have you kicked the blankets off to the floor from burning? Many sufferers of insomnia know these situations all too well. As many as 17% of Americans find the restful break of sleep hard to achieve.
Lack of sleep affects intellectual abilities at work or school by causing a deficit in memory, attention, and concentration, which in turn creates a feeling of irritation or depression. Chronic insomnia can result from a medical illness, a psychiatric condition, or from sleep apnea, a condition where an individual actually stops breathing during sleep.
Sleep hygiene, developing good sleep habits, and non-pharmacological therapies such as herbs and spices are some solutions to insomnia. There is no need to live with insomnia, so contact a physician and get a good night's sleep!
Why did the author write this passage?
- A. To explain insomnia and propose some solutions for the condition.
- B. To encourage people to avoid sleep.
- C. To criticize people who have sleep problems.
- D. To promote the use of sleep medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The author wrote the passage to explain insomnia and suggest ways to deal with it. The passage provides information about insomnia, its impact on daily life, and offers solutions like sleep hygiene and non-pharmacological therapies. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the passage does not encourage avoiding sleep, criticize people with sleep problems, or promote the use of sleep medication. Instead, it focuses on understanding and addressing insomnia.
EATING:
Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things.
European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tools changes with the times- what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today.
China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner.
Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space.
What is the best definition of 'efficient' as used in the third paragraph?
- A. Slow but steady.
- B. Productive without waste.
- C. Wasteful and careless.
- D. Quick but sloppy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct definition of 'efficient' in the third paragraph is 'Productive without waste.' In the extract provided, it discusses how different cultures developed tools like cutlery and chopsticks to efficiently eat food. Efficiency here refers to getting something done with the least amount of waste. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately capture the concept of efficiency discussed in the passage.
GAME OF BRIDGE:
The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient.
Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows: spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two card being low.
The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards.
If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. obviously the team with the most tricks wins the hand.
Throughout this passage, the word suit means?
- A. A set of clothing.
- B. A group of cards in a deck.
- C. A legal case.
- D. A formal request.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the passage, the word 'suit' refers to one of the four groups of cards in a deck of playing cards. The passage explains how the suits of cards, such as spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs, are used in the game of Bridge. Choice A, 'A set of clothing,' is incorrect as it does not relate to the context of playing cards. Choice C, 'A legal case,' and Choice D, 'A formal request,' are also incorrect as they have no relevance to the discussion of card games in the passage.