Nokea
How does nosocomial pneumonia occur?
- A. In a healthcare setting
- B. Within 48hrs of admission to a healthcare
- C. In the immunocompromised host facility
- D. In a community setting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nosocomial pneumonia occurs in a healthcare setting. It is a type of pneumonia that is contracted during a hospital stay or other healthcare facilities. The risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia is higher in patients who are already hospitalized due to various medical conditions, surgeries, or use of medical devices like ventilators. The infection can be caused by different types of bacteria, viruses, or fungi present in the healthcare environment. Preventive measures, such as proper hand hygiene, infection control practices, and minimizing the use of invasive devices, are crucial in reducing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia.
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Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning?
- A. A simple developmental process
- B. Purposeful and goal-directed
- C. Based on deliberate and irrational thought
- D. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical reasoning is a complex cognitive process used by healthcare providers to make sound clinical decisions about patient care. It involves the gathering and analyzing of information, as well as the formulation and evaluation of potential treatment options. Clinical reasoning is purposeful in that it is driven by the goal of providing the best possible care for the patient. Healthcare providers use their knowledge, skills, and experience to systematically work through patient problems, identify possible solutions, and make informed decisions. The process is goal-directed, aiming to achieve positive health outcomes for the patient based on the best available evidence and clinical expertise.
The age by which the child can make a tower of 9 cubes and imitates circular stroke is
- A. 24 months
- B. 30 months
- C. 36 months
- D. 42 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This milestone is typically achieved around 36 months.
The effectiveness of Levodopa can be reduced when taking:
- A. Pyridoxine
- B. Bromocriptine
- C. Amantadine
- D. Amantadine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct choice is Pyridoxine. Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine and is commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, has been shown to reduce the effectiveness of Levodopa by accelerating its conversion to dopamine in the bloodstream before it reaches the brain. This reduces the amount of Levodopa available to provide therapeutic benefit in Parkinson's disease. It is important for patients taking Levodopa to be cautious about taking vitamin B6 supplements to avoid diminishing the efficacy of their medication.
The nurse is talking to the parents of a child with pediculosis capitis. Which should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis?
- A. "You will need to cut the hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe."
- B. "You can distinguish viable from nonviable nits, and remove all viable ones."
- C. "You can wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo."
- D. "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should include in the explanation that in managing pediculosis capitis, it is necessary to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers since nits are attached to the hair shaft and can be difficult to wash out with regular shampoo. Removing the nits is crucial to prevent reinfestation, as they can hatch and start the cycle again. Cutting the hair shorter is not necessary unless the infestation is severe. It is important to distinguish viable (live) nits from nonviable (dead) ones and remove only the viable ones as the nonviable ones do not pose a threat of reinfestation.
A 3-year-old attends her grandfather's funeral. Her parents told her he is in heaven with God. Which statement best describes her understanding of spirituality?
- A. The body is here, and the spirit is in heaven.
- B. He is in heaven. Is this heaven?
- C. She will think that because she can see his body, he must still be here.
- D. He won't need his body in heaven.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Three-year-olds are literal thinkers; if they see a body, they may assume that the person is still present.