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How does the ANA define the psychiatric nursing role?
- A. a specialized area of nursing practice that employs theories of human behavior as its science and the powerful use of self as its art.
- B. assisting the therapist to relieve the symptoms of clients.
- C. to solve clients' problems and give them the answers.
- D. having a client committed to long-term therapy with the nurse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ANA sets standards of practice for psychiatric and mental health nursing roles. Quality of care, performance appraisal, education, ethics, collaboration, and research are covered through the use of the Nursing Process.
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The three major sequential maturational crises for females include:
- A. puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.
- B. death of a spouse, menopause, and childbirth.
- C. rape, divorce, and menarche.
- D. dating, engagement, and separation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The three major sequential maturational crises affecting females are puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. These are life events that have been studied by many researchers and are considered the major events in a woman's life. Puberty is the onset menarche. Pregnancy is a turning point in one's life from which there is no return. Menopause is the cessation of menses. The nurse has the responsibility to assess, plan, implement appropriate concepts to facilitate effective functioning, and enhance growth and development. Other options are not sequential maturational crises.
The anemias most often associated with pregnancy are:
- A. folic acid and iron deficiency.
- B. folic acid deficiency and thalassemia.
- C. iron deficiency and thalassemia.
- D. thalassemia and B12 deficiency.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia are the most common anemias, prevalent in women of childbearing age with 50% of pregnant women having this type of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a result (usually) of the increase in the plasma level during pregnancy but not in the constituent level. Also, if a woman has this type of anemia prepregnancy, it gets worse during pregnancy.
An adult who had been abused as a child is discussing the group therapy program. Which statement indicates that the client has gained insight?
- A. I think I was a lonely child because I could not tell anyone about my abuse.'
- B. I am now aware of how deep-seated my anger is. Before I did not realize I was angry.'
- C. The program has given me the courage to tell my mother how I felt about her role in my hurt.'
- D. There are so many people just like me, who are just normal people that had bad things happen to them.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children who are abused learn to cope with the painful experiences by ignoring painful feelings and avoiding getting close to people. As adults, victims of abuse usually continue to repress feelings, avoid close interpersonal relationships, and frequently use alcohol or drugs to block painful memories. Long-term effects in adults might include criminal/violent behavior (for adult males), substance abuse, and a variety of social and emotional problems (including suicidal thoughts, anxiety, hostility, dissociation, and interpersonal difficulties).
Which of the following statements should the nurse use to best describe a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) to a client?
- A. This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision.'
- B. This is a long-term treatment measure that assists obese people who can't lose weight.'
- C. The VLCD consists of solid food items that are pureed to facilitate digestion and absorption.'
- D. A VLCD contains very little protein.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: VLCDs are used in the clinical treatment of obesity under close medical supervision. The diet is low in calories, high in quality protein, and has a minimum of carbohydrates to spare protein and prevent ketosis.
A client has been taking alprazolam (Xanax) for four years to manage anxiety. The client reports taking 0.5 mg four times a day. Which statement indicates that the client understands the nurse's teaching about discontinuing the medication?
- A. I can drink alcohol now that I am decreasing my Xanax.
- B. I should not take another Xanax pill. Here is what is left of my last prescription.
- C. I should take three pills per day next week, then two pills for one week, then one pill for one week.
- D. I should expect to be sleepy for several days after stopping the medicine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Xanax, like other benzodiazepines, can cause withdrawal symptoms that include agitation, insomnia, hypertension, seizures, and abdominal pain. The drug must be slowly decreased to prevent withdrawal symptoms.