Nokea
How does the nurse interpret these values?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory acidosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A pH of 7.32 and low HCO3- (21) indicate metabolic acidosis, common in severe dehydration.
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What is the most appropriate action?
- A. Induce vomiting by giving the child syrup of ipecac.
- B. Take the child to the local emergency department.
- C. Give the child activated charcoal mixed with juice.
- D. Give the child milk to soothe affected mucous membranes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking the child to the emergency department with the ingested substance's packaging is the safest action for dishwashing detergent ingestion.
Why are infants more vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalances than adults?
- A. They have a smaller surface area than adults in proportion to body weight.
- B. Water needs and losses per kilogram are lower than those for adults.
- C. A greater percentage of body water in infants is extracellular.
- D. Infants have a lower metabolic turnover of water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A higher percentage of extracellular water in infants increases their vulnerability to fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Which food would the nurse recommend to include in the child's diet?
- A. Cooked vegetables
- B. Pretzels
- C. Whole-grain cereal
- D. Yogurt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Whole-grain cereal, a high-roughage food, helps alleviate constipation by promoting bowel movements.
Which nursing interventions will be implemented for the mother of a 10-month-old infant with nonorganic failure to thrive?
- A. Pointing out errors that the nurse observes when the mother is caring for the infant
- B. Discussing negative characteristics of the infant with the mother
- C. Having the nurse provide as much of the infant's care as possible
- D. Teaching the mother about the developmental milestones to expect in the next few months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Teaching about developmental milestones provides anticipatory guidance, supporting parental care in nonorganic failure to thrive.
Which statement made by a parent alerts the nurse to the need for additional education about poison prevention?
- A. I keep the poison control center phone number easily accessible.'
- B. All medication is kept out of reach in a locked cabinet.'
- C. I keep a bottle of syrup of ipecac handy.'
- D. Our garden is free from marigolds.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping syrup of ipecac is outdated; the AAP recommends against it due to risks of uncontrolled vomiting.