Nokea
How does the skeletal system work with the nervous system?
- A. The bones transmit signals about body position to the brain.
- B. Pain nerves within bones notify the brain of injuries.
- C. The vertebrae of the spine protect the spinal cord.
- D. Bone marrow generates and houses nerve cells.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The skeletal system collaborates with the nervous system by providing protection and support for critical nervous system components. The vertebrae of the spine play a crucial role in safeguarding the spinal cord, a key component of the nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. Protecting the spinal cord is essential to prevent neurological complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while bones do play a role in body position and can sense pain, the primary focus of the skeletal system's interaction with the nervous system is to protect vital components like the spinal cord, rather than generating nerve cells.
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When are gallstones most problematic?
- A. When they block a duct
- B. When they contain cholesterol
- C. When they contain bilirubin
- D. When they begin to dissolve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gallstones become most problematic when they block a duct, such as the bile duct or cystic duct. This blockage can lead to various complications, including inflammation, infection, and even damage to the gallbladder or liver. In severe cases, a blocked duct can cause intense pain, jaundice, and other serious symptoms that require medical intervention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the presence of cholesterol or bilirubin in gallstones or the process of dissolution do not necessarily indicate when gallstones become most problematic. The critical issue arises when the stones obstruct a duct, leading to complications.
Which of these can provide significant protein to a person on a vegan diet?
- A. Eggs
- B. Fish
- C. Tofu
- D. Leafy greens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tofu is a plant-based source of protein that can provide a significant amount of protein to a person on a vegan diet. It is made from soybeans and is a versatile ingredient that can be used in various dishes to increase protein intake. Tofu is a good option for vegans looking to meet their protein needs. Eggs and fish are not suitable for a vegan diet as they are animal products. While leafy greens do contain some protein, they are not considered a significant protein source compared to tofu.
The anterior chamber of the eye lies between the ___________.
- A. iris and lens
- B. lens and retina
- C. cornea and iris
- D. retina and optic nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The anterior chamber of the eye is the fluid-filled space located between the cornea and the iris in the front part of the eye. It contains aqueous humor and helps maintain intraocular pressure. The space between the iris and the lens is known as the anterior chamber, making option A, 'iris and lens,' the correct choice. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the correct anatomical location of the anterior chamber.
What is the first step in pulmonary circulation?
- A. Blood moves toward the heart through the pulmonary veins.
- B. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
- C. Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
- D. Oxygenated blood moves through the aorta.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs. The first step in pulmonary circulation involves the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery then carries this deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This step is crucial for the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen to occur in the lungs, facilitating the oxygenation of blood. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the initial step in pulmonary circulation. Option A refers to blood moving away from the heart, option C describes the gas exchange process that occurs in the lungs but not as the first step, and option D mentions oxygenated blood moving through the aorta, which happens after oxygenation in the lungs.
The shoulder is _________ to the elbow.
- A. posterior
- B. proximal
- C. distal
- D. medial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin. In this case, the shoulder is closer to the point of attachment to the body compared to the elbow, making it proximal to the elbow. 'Posterior' refers to the back side of the body, 'distal' means farther away from the point of attachment, and 'medial' refers to the middle of the body. These terms do not accurately describe the relationship between the shoulder and the elbow in this context.