Nokea
How long can a urine specimen sit unrefrigerated before it is analyzed?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine specimens should be analyzed within 1 hour if unrefrigerated to prevent bacterial growth and degradation.
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In addition to collecting all urine passed in a 24-hour period, one of the most important steps in obtaining a 24-hour urine sample is to
- A. Have the patient void, discard this urine, note the time, and then begin collecting.
- B. Begin the collection at 8:00 a.m.
- C. Make sure there is a preservative in the collection bottle.
- D. Keep the sample at room temperature.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discarding the first void and noting the time ensures the 24-hour collection period is accurately timed.
Your patient has stress incontinence. Which of the following statements represent recommended treatment for this problem?
- A. Suggest the patient wear incontinence pads in a comfortable style with adequate absorbency.
- B. Tell the patient that there are medications available to help with stress incontinence and that the doctor will discuss them with her.
- C. Tell the patient to avoid abdominal exercises, which can cause stress incontinence.
- D. Tell the patient about Kegel exercises.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Incontinence pads manage symptoms, and Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles to treat stress incontinence.
Urinary tract infections are more common in males than in females.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: UTIs are more common in females due to their shorter urethra.
Total incontinence
- A. Incontinence related to inability to get to the bathroom
- B. The brain does not receive a message that the bladder is full
- C. Incontinence related to bladder spasms and contractions
- D. The bladder does not empty because of an obstruction
- E. Incontinence related to weak pelvic floor muscles
- F. Loss of urine with no warning
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: Total incontinence involves continuous urine leakage without warning or control.
Which of the following makes catheterization difficult but represents normal anatomy in older women?
- A. The vaginal opening is enlarged.
- B. The urinary meatus is located in the vaginal opening because of atrophy of perineal tissues.
- C. The perineal area becomes very dry.
- D. The clitoris atrophies.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrophy of perineal tissues in older women can cause the urinary meatus to recede or appear within the vaginal opening, complicating catheterization.