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How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monthly penicillin G injections for at least 5 years prevent recurrent rheumatic fever in children.
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What does the nurse understand regarding why dyspnea occurs?
- A. Blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion.
- B. Blood is shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia.
- C. Blood is shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia.
- D. Blood is circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patent ductus arteriosus, oxygenated blood recycles through the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion and dyspnea.
What is accurate about the characteristics of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?
- A. They have high amounts of triglycerides.
- B. They have only small amounts of protein.
- C. They have little cholesterol.
- D. They aid in steroid production.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HDLs have low triglycerides, high protein content, low cholesterol, and are excreted via the liver, not involved in steroid production.
What finding would the nurse expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta?
- A. Blood pressure higher on the right side
- B. Blood pressure higher on the left side
- C. Blood pressure lower in the arms than in the legs
- D. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta causes higher blood pressure in the arms due to obstruction distal to the defect, resulting in lower pressure in the legs.
Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?
- A. Subcutaneous nodules and fever
- B. Painful, tender joints, and carditis
- C. Erythema marginatum and arthralgia
- D. Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Painful, tender joints and carditis, along with an elevated ASO titer, meet the major Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever.
What should be the main focus of the nurse when presenting information?
- A. Pharmacological treatment
- B. Surgical interventions available
- C. Patient education
- D. Reduction of aerobic exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient education is the primary focus of a hypertension-prevention program to promote lifestyle changes and awareness.