Nokea
How would the nurse caring for an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) modify feeding techniques to adapt for the child's weakness and fatigue?
- A. Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings
- B. Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes
- C. Holding and cuddling the child during feeding
- D. Substituting glucose water for formula
- E. Offering high-caloric formula
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Smaller, frequent feedings, soft large-holed nipples, cuddling, and high-calorie formula reduce fatigue and support nutrition in CHF.
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Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. He is always hungry.'
- B. He tires out during feedings.'
- C. He is fussy for several hours every day.'
- D. He sleeps all the time.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feedings is a common sign of congenital heart defects due to increased cardiac workload.
What does the nurse recognize as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Restlessness
- B. Decreased respiratory rate
- C. Increased urinary output
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vomiting is a common sign of digoxin toxicity, along with nausea, anorexia, and pulse irregularities.
Which congenital cardiac defect(s) cause(s) increased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Atrial septal defects (ASDs)
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Dextroposition of aorta
- D. Patent ductus arteriosus
- E. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: ASDs, patent ductus arteriosus, and VSDs cause increased pulmonary blood flow due to left-to-right shunting.
How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monthly penicillin G injections for at least 5 years prevent recurrent rheumatic fever in children.
What finding would the nurse expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta?
- A. Blood pressure higher on the right side
- B. Blood pressure higher on the left side
- C. Blood pressure lower in the arms than in the legs
- D. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta causes higher blood pressure in the arms due to obstruction distal to the defect, resulting in lower pressure in the legs.