Nokea
How many amino acids are considered indispensable or essential?
- A. 9
- B. 10
- C. 12
- D. 14
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 9. Nine amino acids are considered essential or indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. These amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the number of essential amino acids is specifically 9, as they are crucial for various bodily functions.
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What group makes each amino acid unique?
- A. Radical group
- B. Amino group
- C. Carboxyl group
- D. Peptide bond
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the radical group (R-group) because it is the unique side chain that differentiates each amino acid. The amino group (choice B) and carboxyl group (choice C) are functional groups common to all amino acids but do not make them unique. The peptide bond (choice D) is the bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain, not the group that makes each amino acid unique.
How is the enzyme trypsin activated?
- A. By zymogen.
- B. By bile.
- C. By gastrin.
- D. By enterokinase.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: By enterokinase. Trypsin is activated by enterokinase, an enzyme secreted by the small intestine. Enterokinase plays a crucial role in converting trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because trypsin is specifically activated by enterokinase, not by zymogen, bile, or gastrin.
How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?
- A. Vitamin K.
- B. Plant sterols.
- C. Trans fats.
- D. Phospholipids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.
What is the most prevalent dietary disaccharide?
- A. Lactose
- B. Fructose
- C. Sucrose
- D. Galactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sucrose is the correct answer as it is the most common disaccharide found in the diet, commonly known as table sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products, not as prevalent in the overall diet as sucrose. Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey, not a disaccharide. Galactose is a monosaccharide commonly found in dairy products and is not the most prevalent dietary disaccharide.
Which of the following foods is high in indispensable amino acids?
- A. Lentils
- B. Tofu
- C. Peanuts
- D. Eggs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.