Nokea
How many bones are found in the human skull?
- A. Approximately 5
- B. Approximately 30
- C. Approximately 60
- D. Approximately 210
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 30. The human skull is composed of 22 bones that are fused together. These 22 bones consist of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, totaling approximately 30 bones in total. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the human skull does not have as few as 5 bones, as many as 60 bones, or as many as 210 bones. Understanding the basic anatomy of the skull helps in identifying the correct number of bones it comprises.
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What is the meaning of exocytosis?
- A. The cell engulfs and brings in substances.
- B. The cell releases content outside by fusing with the plasma membrane.
- C. The cell engulfs liquid material.
- D. The cell brings in solid particles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exocytosis is the process by which a cell releases substances to the outside by fusing with the plasma membrane. During exocytosis, vesicles containing molecules fuse with the cell membrane, allowing the release of the contents outside the cell. This process is crucial for the secretion of various substances such as hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe processes different from exocytosis. Choice A describes endocytosis, where the cell engulfs substances to bring them into the cell. Choice C is more aligned with pinocytosis, the process of engulfing liquid material. Choice D refers to phagocytosis, which is the uptake of solid particles by the cell.
What is true about caloric intake for the average person?
- A. It should increase with age.
- B. It should decline and then increase with age.
- C. It should decline with age.
- D. It should remain constant over a lifetime.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Caloric intake for the average person typically declines with age due to factors such as changes in metabolism, muscle mass, and physical activity levels. As people age, their metabolism tends to slow down, and they may also experience a decrease in muscle mass and physical activity, leading to a reduced need for calories. Option A is incorrect because caloric intake generally decreases rather than increases with age. Option B is incorrect as it suggests a fluctuation in caloric intake that is not typically seen. Option D is incorrect as caloric needs usually change over a person's lifetime due to various factors.
The vena cavae drain blood from the body into the ___________.
- A. right atrium
- B. right ventricle
- C. left atrium
- D. left ventricle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The vena cavae are large veins responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. They empty into the right atrium of the heart. From the right atrium, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle before being sent to the pulmonary circulation for oxygenation, making choice A, 'right atrium,' the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles of the heart; instead, they deliver blood to the atria.
How do the intercostal muscles between the ribs assist with respiration?
- A. By protecting the delicate bronchioles and alveoli
- B. By signaling a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure
- C. By enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax
- D. By maintaining a medial separation between pleurae
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The intercostal muscles located between the ribs play a crucial role in respiration by aiding in the enlargement and reduction of the space in the thorax. During inspiration, these muscles contract, lifting the rib cage, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and allows the lungs to expand and fill with air. This process directly relates to the expansion of the thorax rather than protecting bronchioles and alveoli (Choice A), signaling intra-alveolar pressure changes (Choice B), or maintaining the separation between pleurae (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is C.
The spleen is part of which system?
- A. nervous system
- B. integumentary system
- C. lymphatic system
- D. urinary system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, producing and storing white blood cells, and aiding the body in fighting infections. The lymphatic system is crucial for maintaining the body's immune defenses and fluid balance. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the spleen is not part of the nervous system, integumentary system, or urinary system.