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How should a healthcare professional manage a child with a newly inserted gastrostomy tube?
- A. Monitor for signs of infection
- B. Increase the child's fluid intake
- C. Restrict all oral intake
- D. Use only sterile equipment for feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection at the gastrostomy site is crucial for ensuring proper care and preventing complications. This involves observing for redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage around the insertion site. Increasing the child's fluid intake (Choice B) may be beneficial for hydration but is not specifically related to managing a newly inserted gastrostomy tube. Restricting all oral intake (Choice C) is not necessary as long as the healthcare professional follows the recommended guidelines for feeding. While using sterile equipment for feedings (Choice D) is important, monitoring for signs of infection takes precedence in the immediate post-insertion period.
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What is a common side effect of the antibiotic tetracycline in children?
- A. Discoloration of teeth
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Elevated blood glucose levels
- D. Decreased bone density
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discoloration of teeth is a well-known side effect of tetracycline, especially when administered to children below 8 years of age. Tetracycline can bind to calcium ions in developing teeth, causing them to become discolored and appear yellow or brown. Increased appetite, elevated blood glucose levels, and decreased bone density are not commonly associated with the use of tetracycline in children, making them incorrect choices.
Which individual is making a food choice based on negative association?
- A. A tourist from China who rejects a hamburger due to unfamiliarity
- B. A child who spits out his mashed potatoes because they taste too salty
- C. A teenager who grudgingly accepts an offer for an ice cream cone to avoid offending a close friend
- D. An elderly gentleman who refuses a peanut butter and jelly sandwich because he considers it a child's food
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is the correct answer because the elderly gentleman is refusing the peanut butter and jelly sandwich due to his negative association of considering it a child's food. This negative association influences his food choice. Choices A, B, and C do not involve negative associations with the food being consumed. Choice A is based on unfamiliarity, Choice B is due to taste preference, and Choice C is driven by social considerations rather than negative food association.
What is critical for preventing complications in an infant with hypothyroidism?
- A. Excessive growth
- B. Cognitive impairment
- C. Damage to the nervous system
- D. Damage to the urinary system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cognitive impairment. In infants with hypothyroidism, prompt administration of oral thyroid hormone replacement is crucial to prevent cognitive impairment and other serious complications. Excessive growth (choice A) is not a typical complication of hypothyroidism in infants. While hypothyroidism can affect the nervous system (choice C), cognitive impairment is more specific to untreated cases. Damage to the urinary system (choice D) is not a common complication of hypothyroidism in infants.
What is the appropriate intervention for a child with an undescended testicle?
- A. Wait until puberty
- B. Perform an orchidopexy
- C. Administer hormone therapy
- D. Increase physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate intervention for a child with an undescended testicle is to perform an orchidopexy. This surgical procedure is recommended if the testicle has not descended naturally within the first year of life. Waiting until puberty is not advised as early intervention is crucial for optimal outcomes. Administering hormone therapy is not the first-line treatment for an undescended testicle and is typically not recommended. Increasing physical activity does not address the underlying issue of an undescended testicle and is not a suitable intervention.
Approximately how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?
- A. 50
- B. 85
- C. 120
- D. 170
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A half-cup of milk is equivalent to approximately 120 milliliters. This conversion is standard and commonly used in cooking and baking. Choice A (50 milliliters) is too low for a half-cup measurement. Choice B (85 milliliters) is also lower than the standard half-cup measurement of 120 milliliters. Choice D (170 milliliters) is too high for a half-cup, making it an incorrect option.