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How should the newly diagnosed patient who has been prescribed isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) be advised?
- A. Report redness and swelling of extremities.
- B. Be aware that the therapy is long term.
- C. Monitor renal function every several months.
- D. Rise slowly to avoid dizziness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: INH therapy is long term. The patient should be advised to get regular liver studies and report tingling and numbness of the extremities.
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Which nursing intervention is for a patient, age 40, who is diagnosed with active tuberculosis?
- A. Place the patient in drainage and secretion precautions.
- B. Place the patient in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Isolation Precautions.
- C. Maintain the patient in enteric isolation.
- D. Place the patient in any Isolation Precautions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If TB is suspected, place the patient in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Isolation Precautions immediately.
Which instruction by the nurse is inappropriate for teaching the proper technique for collection of a sputum specimen?
- A. Bring the sputum up from the lungs.
- B. Rinse mouth with water before expectorating in specimen cup.
- C. Collect specimens after meals.
- D. Send specimen to the lab without delay.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Collecting specimens before meals will avoid possible emesis from coughing after eating.
The nurse caring for a patient who has a closed chest drainage system notes that there is fluctuation (tidaling) in the water seal chamber. Which action is appropriate based on this assessment?
- A. Document the tidaling.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed and notify charge nurse of malfunction of drainage system.
- C. Add more sterile water to the water seal chamber.
- D. Turn patient to the affected side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tidaling or fluctuation in the water seal drainage is an indicator that the negative pressure is preserved and the system is working normally. Document this normal finding.
In which way do leukotriene modifiers reduce the symptoms of asthma?
- A. By drying up mucus
- B. By causing bronchodilation and anti-inflammation effects
- C. By suppressing cough
- D. By liquefying mucus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene modifiers reduce the symptoms of asthma by causing bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory processes.
Which event happens when there is a decrease in the oxygen level in the blood?
- A. Pituitary stimulates the respiratory system to increase respiratory rate.
- B. The alveoli diffuse more oxygen into the blood.
- C. Chemoreceptors in the carotid body and aortic body stimulate the respiratory centers to modify respiratory rates.
- D. The parietal pleura increases the negative pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies send a message to the respiratory centers to modify respirations.