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Activities, such as walking, will have which benefit for the patient with emphysema?
- A. Repair dilated alveoli.
- B. Increase capacity to use oxygen.
- C. Lessen the oxygen needs.
- D. Lessen metabolic oxygen needs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aerobic exercises such as walking will increase the body's ability to use oxygen through sustained rhythmic contractions of large muscles.
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Which intervention should the nurse use to keep the chest tubes from becoming occluded?
- A. Irrigate tubes as needed.
- B. Prevent the patient from lying on it.
- C. Loop the tube over the bed rail.
- D. Milk' the tube frequently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To keep the tubes patent, the patient should not lie on the tubing. These tubes are not irrigated and should not be milked frequently.
Exposure to an asthma trigger can cause which aspect of asthma to occur next?
- A. Inflammatory process in the mast cells of the lungs
- B. Increase in edema and mucus production in the bronchioles
- C. Release of histamine
- D. Narrowing of the airways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The allergen activates the mast cells in the lungs, which release histamine, causing an increase in edema and mucus production that narrows the airways and causes the classic signs of asthma.
A patient, age 22, is admitted with acute asthma. The patient shows a pulse oximetry level of SaO2 of 82%. How should the nurse interpret this?
- A. Only 82% of the red blood cells are able to use oxygen.
- B. There is only 82% of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin compared with the amount available.
- C. Eighteen percent of oxygen is not dissolved in the blood.
- D. The muscular respiratory effort is only 18% effective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An SaO2 of 82% indicates that only 82% of the available oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin.
The older adult patient with long-term emphysema reports experiencing a sharp pleuritic pain after a severe period of coughing. The patient's heart rate and respiratory rate have increased. Auscultation reveals no breath sounds on the left side. These are signs and symptoms of which condition?
- A. Pulmonary embolus
- B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
- C. Early signs of unilateral pneumonia
- D. An attack of asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spontaneous pneumothorax can be caused by a ruptured bleb in a patient with long-term emphysema. The disorder causes chest pain, dyspnea, and anxiety associated with air hunger.
In which way do leukotriene modifiers reduce the symptoms of asthma?
- A. By drying up mucus
- B. By causing bronchodilation and anti-inflammation effects
- C. By suppressing cough
- D. By liquefying mucus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene modifiers reduce the symptoms of asthma by causing bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory processes.