Nokea
How should you best understand the concept of coping when attempting to meet this patients needs?
- A. Coping is a physiologic measure used to deal with change, and he will physically adapt.
- B. Coping is composed of the physiologic and psychological processes that people use to adapt to change.
- C. Coping is the human need for faith and hope, both of which create change.
- D. Coping is a social strategy that is used to deal with change and loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indicators of stress and the stress response include both subjective and objective measures. They are psychological, physiologic, or behavioral and reflect social behaviors and thought processes. The physiologic and psychological processes that people use to adapt to stress are the essence of the coping process. Coping is both a physiologic and psychological process used to adapt to change.
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What would the nurse tell the patient about dysplastic cells in the bronchi?
- A. This is a benign process that occurs as lung tissue regenerates.
- B. Dysplastic cells have a high potential to become malignant.
- C. This process involves a rapid increase in number of cells.
- D. Dysplasia may cause uncontrolled growth of scar tissue.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dysplasia is bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same tissue type. Dysplastic cells have a tendency to become malignant; dysplasia is seen commonly in epithelial cells in the bronchi of people who smoke. This may not be a harmless condition and dysplasia does not cause scar tissue. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of new cells.
The nurse recognizes these changes as being attributable to what response?
- A. Part of the limbic system response
- B. Sympathetic nervous response
- C. Hypothalamic-pituitary response
- D. Local adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system responds rapidly to stress; norepinephrine is released at nerve ending causing the organs to respond (i.e., heart rate increases, eyes dilate, and blood pressure increases). The limbic system is a mediator of emotions and behavior that are critical to survival during times of stress. The hypothalamic-pituitary response regulates the cortisol-induced metabolic effect that results in elevated blood sugars during stressful situations. Local adaptation syndrome is a tissue-specific inflammatory reaction.
What can the triage nurse teach the mother?
- A. The pain, redness, and swelling are part of the inflammatory process, but it is probably too early for an infection.
- B. Bee stings frequently cause infection, pain, and swelling, and, with treatment, the infection should begin to subside late today.
- C. The infection was probably caused by the stinger, which may still be in the wound.
- D. The mothers assessment is accurate and the ED doctor will probably prescribe antibiotics to fix the problem.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cells or tissues of the body may be injured or killed by any agent (physical, chemical, infectious). When this happens, an inflammatory response (or inflammation) naturally occurs in the healthy tissues adjacent to the injury site. Inflammation is not the same as infection. An infectious agent is only one of several agents that may trigger an inflammatory response. Although bee stings may cause infection, the signs and symptoms (very painful, looks swollen and red) result from the acute inflammatory response. If the stinger were still in the wound, it would only be creating inflammation, not infection. Antibiotics are not indicated.
What factors does the nurse know impact the processes of inflammation, repair, and replacement? Select all that apply.
- A. Severity of the injury
- B. Social relationships
- C. Condition of the host
- D. Familial support
- E. Nature of the injury
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The condition of the host, the environment, and the nature and severity of the injury affect the processes of inflammation, repair, and replacement. The patients social relationships and familial support do not directly affect the processes of inflammation, repair, and replacement.
You know the most probable cause of this patients symptoms is what?
- A. Local inflammatory response
- B. Systemic shock response
- C. Local infectious response
- D. Systemic inflammatory response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The inflammatory response is often confined to the site, causing only local signs and symptoms. However, systemic responses can also occur. During this process, general, nonspecific symptoms develop, including malaise, loss of appetite, aching, and weakness. The fact that the patient is experiencing systemic effects such as lethargy, malaise, aching, weakness, and loss of appetite suggests that inflammation is not limited to one specific site.