Nokea
How would you interpret the study results?
- A. Water is safe to be consumed
- B. Water is of doubtful quality
- C. Water is of highly doubtful quality
- D. Water is contaminated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The study results indicate water contamination.
2. Contaminated water poses health risks.
3. Therefore, the correct interpretation is that water is contaminated.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as safety is not confirmed.
- Choice B is too mild given the severity of contamination.
- Choice C is also incorrect, as it does not accurately reflect the study findings.
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A child with diarrhea had stool microscopy revealing cysts with four nuclei. What is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Entamoeba histolytica
- B. Giardia lamblia
- C. Balantidium coli
- D. Trichomonas hominis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Entamoeba histolytica. This pathogen is known to cause amoebic dysentery, characterized by diarrhea with bloody or mucoid stools. The presence of cysts with four nuclei in the stool microscopy is a characteristic feature of Entamoeba histolytica. Other choices are incorrect because Giardia lamblia typically presents with binucleate cysts, Balantidium coli is a ciliated protozoan, and Trichomonas hominis is a non-pathogenic parasite found in the human intestine.
The term “zone of inhibition†is used in which of the following procedures?
- A. Use-dilution test
- B. Growth inhibition test
- C. Disk-diffusion test
- D. Multiple inhibition test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Disk-diffusion test. In the disk-diffusion test, the zone of inhibition refers to the area around an antimicrobial disk where bacterial growth is inhibited. This test is used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics. The other choices, such as A: Use-dilution test, B: Growth inhibition test, and D: Multiple inhibition test, do not specifically involve measuring the zone of inhibition and are not commonly used methods for testing antibiotic susceptibility.
A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for control of wound textile contamination by anaerobes?
- A. Kitt-Tarozzi
- B. Endo
- C. Roux
- D. Sabouraud's
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi. This medium contains blood and hemin, which are essential nutrients for the growth of anaerobes. Blood provides a source of iron, while hemin stimulates the growth of anaerobes. This combination creates an environment conducive for the isolation and identification of anaerobic organisms.
B: Endo and C: Roux are selective media primarily used for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria and not specifically designed for anaerobes.
D: Sabouraud's is a medium used for the cultivation of fungi, not anaerobes.
In summary, Kitt-Tarozzi is the correct choice due to its specific nutrient composition that supports the growth of anaerobes, unlike the other options which are not suitable for this purpose.
Which type of bacteria can survive in extreme salty environments?
- A. Psychrophiles
- B. Halophiles
- C. Thermophiles
- D. Mesophiles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Halophiles. Halophiles are bacteria that can survive in extreme salty environments. They have adapted to thrive in high salt concentrations. Psychrophiles (A) thrive in cold temperatures, Thermophiles (C) thrive in high temperatures, and Mesophiles (D) thrive in moderate temperatures. Therefore, they are not adapted to survive in extreme salty environments like Halophiles.
Protozoan emerging and reemerging diseases generally belong to group:
- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because protozoan emerging and reemerging diseases fall under Group I according to the classification of infectious diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Group I includes diseases caused by newly identified or known infectious agents that have increased in incidence or geographic range. Choice B (Group II) includes diseases that have re-emerged due to antimicrobial resistance or lack of previous vaccination. Choice C (Group III) encompasses diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, and choice D (Group IV) includes diseases that are caused by re-introduction of eradicated pathogens.