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Identify the correct sequence of the 3 primary body planes as numbered 1, 2, and 3 in the above image.
- A. Plane 1 is coronal, plane 2 is sagittal, and plane 3 is transverse.
- B. Plane 1 is sagittal, plane 2 is coronal, and plane 3 is medial.
- C. Plane 1 is coronal, plane 2 is sagittal, and plane 3 is medial.
- D. Plane 1 is sagittal, plane 2 is coronal, and plane 3 is transverse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the standard anatomical position, plane 1 (coronal/frontal plane) divides the body into anterior and posterior portions, plane 2 (sagittal plane) divides the body into left and right portions, and plane 3 (transverse/horizontal plane) divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Therefore, the correct sequence is Plane 1 as coronal, Plane 2 as sagittal, and Plane 3 as transverse, which corresponds to Choice A. Choice B is incorrect as it misidentifies the planes. Plane 2 cannot be coronal as it specifically divides the body into left and right portions. Choice C is incorrect as it misidentifies Plane 2 as sagittal when it should be coronal. Choice D is incorrect as it incorrectly designates Plane 2 as coronal when it should be sagittal, leading to an inaccurate sequence of the primary body planes.
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A child complains of heavy breathing even when relaxing. They are an otherwise healthy child with no history of respiratory problems. What might be the issue?
- A. Asthma
- B. Blood clot
- C. Hyperventilation
- D. Exercising too hard
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, where a child complains of heavy breathing even when relaxing and has no history of respiratory problems, the most likely issue is hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is an abnormal breathing pattern where a person breathes in excess of the body's requirements. It can be triggered by stress, anxiety, panic attacks, or lower-than-normal carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Unlike asthma, a blood clot, or exercising too hard, hyperventilation fits the symptoms described and is more common in individuals without a history of respiratory problems.
What happens during expiration?
- A. The diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity expands.
- B. The diaphragm relaxes and the thoracic cavity contracts.
- C. The thoracic cavity expands, increasing pressure.
- D. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, causing the thoracic cavity to contract. As the thoracic cavity decreases in size, the pressure inside the lungs increases, leading to air flowing out of the lungs. This process helps to expel carbon dioxide-rich air from the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In choice A, the diaphragm contracting and the thoracic cavity expanding describes inspiration, not expiration. Choice C is incorrect because during expiration, the thoracic cavity actually decreases in size. Choice D is incorrect as the diaphragm moving upward is not a typical movement associated with expiration.
What is the length of DNA that can code for a particular protein?
- A. Chromosome
- B. Nucleotide
- C. Gene
- D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gene. A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a particular protein. Genes are responsible for coding proteins, and each gene carries the instructions for a specific protein. Chromosomes consist of many genes and are not a specific length that codes for a protein. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are not a length that codes for a protein. Ribosomes are cellular organelles involved in protein synthesis and do not directly code for proteins.
Where does most of the chemical digestion take place?
- A. Large intestine
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most of the chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine. Enzymes in the small intestine break down nutrients into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The stomach plays a role in digestion by breaking down food mechanically and initiating some chemical digestion, but the majority of nutrient breakdown and absorption happens in the small intestine. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and salts, with little to no digestion taking place there. The esophagus is a muscular tube that helps move food from the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in digestion.
How many mL of a 0 M stock solution of HCl should be added to water to create 250 mL of a 50 M solution of HCl?
- A. 31.25 mL
- B. 32 mL
- C. 30 mL
- D. 31.3 mL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To prepare 250 mL of a 50 M solution of HCl, the formula V1 x C1 = V2 x C2 is used, where V1 is the volume of the stock solution, C1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V2 is the final volume of the desired solution, and C2 is the final concentration of the desired solution. Given V1 x 0 M = 250 mL x 50 M, solving for V1 results in V1 = (250 mL x 50 M) / 0 M = 32 mL. Therefore, 32 mL of the 0 M stock solution of HCl needs to be added to water to create a 250 mL solution of 50 M HCl. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the accurate volume required for the dilution calculation based on the given concentrations and volumes in the problem.