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Identify the drug classes that have a different response in African Americans when compared with the usual response of whites of European descent.
- A. Analgesics
- B. Antipsychotics
- C. Benzodiazepines
- D. Tricyclic antidepressants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certain medications, including analgesics, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihypertensive agents, exhibit varying efficacy and side effects in African Americans compared to Caucasians.
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What is the primary goal of treating diabetic retinopathy?
- A. Prevent vision loss
- B. Restore lost vision
- C. Improve color vision
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early treatment aims to prevent further vision loss in diabetic retinopathy.
Alex Rowe develops hives after having eaten strawberries. He states he has strawberries before, and has never had a problem with them before. This is an example of:
- A. an idiosyncratic response to food.
- B. an autoimmune disorder.
- C. a Type I hypersensitivity response.
- D. an example of immunosuppression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Idiosyncratic response means it occurs because of an unknown reason. This response to something the body has been exposed to before is not unknown. Autoimmune disorders are ones in which the body attacks self-cells. This example is an outside antigen. Type I hypersensitivities are those that occur when the body, previously sensitized to a substance, is then exposed a second time and reacts. Immunossuppression occurs when the immune system is not working. Mr. Rowe's immune system responded to the antigen, so it is not suppressed.
Joan has osteoporosis. She has an increased risk for
- A. Infection in the bone.
- B. Peripheral blood clot formation.
- C. Fracture formation.
- D. Painful joint inflammation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures.
The trauma unit nurse has received a report on a client who has multiple injuries following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first?
- A. Evaluate chest expansion.
- B. Check pupillary response to light.
- C. Assess the capillary refill.
- D. Check the client's response to questions about place and time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Evaluate chest expansion. This is the priority action because it assesses the client's airway and breathing, which are critical for survival. Checking chest expansion helps to identify any potential respiratory compromise or underlying lung injuries. Assessing pupillary response (B) and capillary refill (C) are important, but they are secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation. Checking the client's orientation to place and time (D) is important for neurological assessment but is not as critical as assessing airway and breathing in this scenario.
Why does a nurse avoid administering glycerin to a dying client?
- A. Because it diminishes the heart’s oxygen supply.
- B. Because it causes the skin to be pale or mottled.
- C. Because it tends to pull fluid from the body of the client.
- D. Because it causes skin breakdown.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycerin can dehydrate the client, exacerbating fluid imbalances in terminally ill patients.