Nokea
Identify the hormone that stimulates uterine contraction and the release of milk during nursing.
- A. ADH.
- B. glucagon
- C. oxytocin
- D. prolactin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and delivery.
2. Oxytocin also triggers the release of milk during nursing by causing contraction of the cells around the milk-filled alveoli.
3. ADH (A) regulates water balance, glucagon (B) regulates blood sugar levels, and prolactin (D) stimulates milk production but not milk release.
Summary: Oxytocin is the correct answer because it specifically stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during nursing, while the other choices are not directly related to these functions.
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From a medical perspective, ______ hormones can be taken orally because they are water-insoluble lipids and poorly digested.
- A. carbohydrate
- B. peptide
- C. protein
- D. steroid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: steroid. Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes easily. This property allows them to be taken orally since they are not digested in the stomach and can be absorbed in the intestines. Carbohydrates (A), peptides (B), and proteins (C) are water-soluble and cannot pass through cell membranes easily, making them unsuitable for oral administration.
“Sugar, salt, and sex†is descriptive of
- A. ACTH, TSH, and somatotropic hormone.
- B. cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.
- C. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and estrogen.
- D. insulin, glucagon, and cortisol.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. "Sugar, salt, and sex" refers to hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol regulates sugar metabolism, aldosterone regulates salt balance, and testosterone is involved in sexual characteristics. A: ACTH, TSH, and somatotropic hormone are hormones produced by the pituitary gland. C: Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and estrogen are not directly related to the terms given. D: Insulin, glucagon, and cortisol are involved in glucose regulation, but do not match the specific terms provided.
Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal cortex?
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Glucagon
- D. Calcitonin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing aldosterone, a hormone that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Aldosterone is specifically produced in the zona glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex. Adrenaline (Choice B) is produced by the adrenal medulla, not the cortex. Glucagon (Choice C) is produced by the pancreas, not the adrenal cortex. Calcitonin (Choice D) is produced by the thyroid gland, not the adrenal cortex. Therefore, the correct answer is A because aldosterone is the hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.
Adrenaline is NOT given orally because:
- A. It is inactivated in the gut mucosa
- B. Local vasoconstriction inhibits absorption
- C. It is rapidly inactivated in circulation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Adrenaline is not given orally because: A) It is inactivated in the gut mucosa due to enzymatic breakdown, B) Local vasoconstriction inhibits absorption into the bloodstream, and C) It is rapidly inactivated in circulation by enzymes like catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase. Therefore, administering adrenaline orally would result in poor absorption and rapid degradation, making it ineffective.
Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
- A. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
- B. human growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone
- C. prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. glucocorticoids and androgens
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The posterior pituitary stores and releases these hormones, which are produced in the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions and milk ejection, while antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because human growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary, prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary, and glucocorticoids and androgens are produced by the adrenal glands, respectively.