Nokea
Which of the following can be performed to determine a client's general status and rule out disorders?
- A. A complete blood count
- B. A complete blood count and chemistry profile
- C. Chemistry profile
- D. Radiographs of the chest or abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A complete blood count (CBC) and a chemistry profile provide a comprehensive overview of a client's general health status and help in ruling out various disorders.
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A deficiency of dietary iodine:
- A. lowers plasma calcium levels.
- B. causes low blood volume and shock.
- C. decreases the synthesis of calcitonin.
- D. causes a goiter.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a deficiency of dietary iodine leads to an insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which can result in the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. This is due to the thyroid gland working harder to try to produce more hormones.
A, B, and C are incorrect because a deficiency of dietary iodine does not directly affect plasma calcium levels, blood volume, or the synthesis of calcitonin. These are functions that are primarily regulated by other hormones and factors in the body, not by iodine deficiency.
A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?
- A. humoral
- B. hormonal
- C. neural
- D. positive feedback
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: neural. In this scenario, the student experiences the fight or flight response, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing are all physiological responses triggered by the activation of neural pathways in response to a perceived threat or stress. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Humoral stimuli involve changes in blood levels of certain substances triggering hormone release.
B: Hormonal stimuli involve the release of hormones in response to other hormones.
D: Positive feedback is a mechanism that amplifies a response, not directly related to the immediate physiological responses seen in this case.
Cells that respond to a particular hormone are called
- A. receptor cells.
- B. sensor cells.
- C. secretory cells.
- D. target cells.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: target cells. Target cells are specific cells that have receptors for a particular hormone, allowing them to respond to the hormone's signal. These cells are the intended recipients of the hormone's message and carry out the appropriate physiological response. Receptor cells (A) are more general and can refer to any cell with receptors, not necessarily for hormones. Sensor cells (B) detect stimuli but may not necessarily respond to hormones. Secretory cells (C) release hormones rather than respond to them.
“Sugar, salt, and sex†is descriptive of
- A. ACTH, TSH, and somatotropic hormone.
- B. cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.
- C. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and estrogen.
- D. insulin, glucagon, and cortisol.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. "Sugar, salt, and sex" refers to hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol regulates sugar metabolism, aldosterone regulates salt balance, and testosterone is involved in sexual characteristics. A: ACTH, TSH, and somatotropic hormone are hormones produced by the pituitary gland. C: Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and estrogen are not directly related to the terms given. D: Insulin, glucagon, and cortisol are involved in glucose regulation, but do not match the specific terms provided.
The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is:
- A. Liver & adipose tissue
- B. Gonads
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Bone marrow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anterior pituitary. Releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus act on the anterior pituitary to regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones. This interaction is known as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hormones released by the hypothalamus travel through the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary, where they stimulate or inhibit the release of specific pituitary hormones. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the primary target of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones is the anterior pituitary, not the liver & adipose tissue, gonads, or bone marrow.