Nokea
Donepezil is a reversible anti-cholinesterase used in the treatment of:
- A. Glaucoma
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Urine retention
- D. Alzheimer disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Donepezil is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease because it is a reversible anti-cholinesterase that helps improve cognitive function by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain. This neurotransmitter is important for memory and learning, which are affected in Alzheimer's disease.
Choice A (Glaucoma) is incorrect because Donepezil does not treat this condition. Choice B (Bradycardia) is incorrect because Donepezil does not affect heart rate. Choice C (Urine retention) is incorrect because Donepezil does not have any impact on urinary function.
In summary, the correct answer is D (Alzheimer's disease) because Donepezil's mechanism of action aligns with the cognitive deficits seen in this condition, while the other choices are not related to the drug's pharmacological effects.
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Following the teaching of foot care to a diabetic patient, the nurse determines that additional instruction is needed when the patient makes which statement?
- A. I should wash my feet daily with soap and warm water.
- B. I should always wear shoes to protect my feet from injury.
- C. If my feet are cold, I should wear socks instead of using a heating pad.
- D. I'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with diabetes may not feel pain due to neuropathy, so they must regularly inspect their feet for sores or lesions.
Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?
- A. The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus.
- B. The neurohypophysis secretes releasing hormones.
- C. The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate adenohypophyseal function.
- D. The posterior pituitary gland secretes releasing hormones.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. This connection between the two structures allows for direct neural control over hormone release.
Option B is incorrect because the neurohypophysis does not secrete releasing hormones; rather, it releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Option C is incorrect because the posterior pituitary gland does not regulate adenohypophyseal function; instead, it stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Option D is incorrect because the posterior pituitary gland does not secrete releasing hormones; it releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.
- A. delta.
- B. alpha.
- C. beta.
- D. beta.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: beta cells. Beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, which helps decrease blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production. Delta cells (choice A) secrete somatostatin, which inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion. Alpha cells (choice B) secrete glucagon, which increases blood glucose levels. Choice D is a duplicate of choice C. Therefore, the correct answer is C as beta cells play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels through insulin secretion.
The patient with adrenal insufficiency is to be discharged taking prednisone 10 mg orally each day. What will you be sure to teach the patient?
- A. Report excessive weight gain or swelling to the physician.
- B. Rapid changes of position may cause hypotension.
- C. A diet with foods high in potassium may be beneficial.
- D. Signs of hypoglycemia may occur while taking this drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients taking prednisone for adrenal insufficiency should be advised that rapid changes of position can lead to hypotension due to the body's decreased ability to regulate blood pressure.
Iodine-containing hormones:
- A. include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- B. are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones.
- C. are steroids.
- D. regulate the metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because iodine-containing hormones, such as thyroid hormones, regulate the metabolic rate by influencing the body's energy production and utilization. TSH (choice A) is not an iodine-containing hormone but a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Hypothalamus releasing hormones (choice B) are not iodine-containing hormones. Steroids (choice C) are a different class of hormones that do not contain iodine. In summary, choice D is correct as iodine-containing hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolic rate, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe this function.