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If a 10 mg morphine produces a greater analgesic response than can achieved by ibuprofen at any dose, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. Morphine is less efficacious than is ibuprofen
- B. Morphine is less potent than is ibuprofen
- C. Morphine is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist
- D. Morphine is a better pain reliever than Ibuprofen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine's greater maximal effect suggests higher efficacy, making it a better choice for pain relief, though potency isn't compared here.
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A patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus begins gaining weight after several months of therapy with an oral antidiabetic agent. A complete workup indicates edema and other signs and symptoms of heart failure. Which of the following antidiabetic drug or group was the most likely cause?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Biguanides
- C. Glitazones (thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone)
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glitazones like rosiglitazone can cause fluid retention and weight gain, increasing the risk of heart failure.
Amphetamine should not be taken with.....
- A. Paracetamol
- B. Aspirin
- C. MAO inhibitors
- D. Benzimidazole
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amphetamines combined with MAO inhibitors can cause a hypertensive crisis due to excessive catecholamine accumulation, a well-known dangerous interaction.
Jamie has fractured his ankle and has received a prescription for acetaminophen and hydrocodone (Vicodin). Education when prescribing Vicodin includes:
- A. It is okay to double the dose of Vicodin if the pain is severe
- B. Vicodin is not habit-forming
- C. He should not take any other acetaminophen-containing medications
- D. Vicodin may cause diarrhea; increase his fluid intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding extra acetaminophen prevents overdose; Vicodin is habit-forming , and constipation, not diarrhea , is common.
A nurse is preparing to perform a follow-up assessment on a client who takes Chlorpromazine for the treatment of Schizophrenia. The nurse should expect to find the greatest improvement in which of the following manifestations?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Disorganized speech
- B. Bizarre behavior
- C. Impaired social interactions
- D. Hallucinations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlorpromazine improves positive symptoms like speech , behavior , and hallucinations , less so negative symptoms.
A nurse working as a member of a research team is exploring the unique differences in drug response that each individual possesses based on his or her genetic makeup. This area of study is called:
- A. Pharmacotherapeutics
- B. Pharmacodynamics
- C. Pharmacoeconomics
- D. Pharmacogenomics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that includes mapping of the human genome. In the future, medical care and drug regimens may be personally designed based on a person's unique genetic makeup. Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the use of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy.