Nokea
If a 5-kg ball is moving at 5 m/s, what is its momentum?
- A. 10 kgâ‹…m/s
- B. 16.2 km/h
- C. 24.75 kgâ‹…m/s
- D. 25 kgâ‹…m/s
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The momentum of an object is calculated by multiplying its mass by its velocity. In this case, the mass of the ball is 5 kg and its velocity is 5 m/s. Therefore, the momentum of the ball is 5 kg 5 m/s = 25 kgâ‹…m/s. Choice A (10 kgâ‹…m/s) is incorrect as it does not account for both mass and velocity. Choice B (16.2 km/h) is incorrect as it provides a speed in a different unit without considering mass. Choice C (24.75 kgâ‹…m/s) is incorrect as it does not correctly calculate the momentum based on the given mass and velocity.
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When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, what will happen to the capacitance?
- A. Increase
- B. Decrease
- C. Remain the same
- D. Become unpredictable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, the capacitance will increase. This is because the presence of a dielectric material reduces the electric field between the plates, allowing more charge to be stored for a given voltage, thus increasing the capacitance. Choice B is incorrect because adding a dielectric material increases capacitance. Choice C is incorrect because capacitance changes when a dielectric is added. Choice D is incorrect because the effect of a dielectric on capacitance is predictable.
When a crane hoists a massive object at a constant velocity compared to lifting the same object gradually, the work done by the crane is:
- A. Less
- B. More
- C. Identical
- D. Dependent on the object's mass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The work done by the crane is identical in both scenarios. Work is defined as the force applied over a distance. Since the force needed to lift the object is equal to its weight and the displacement is the same, the work done is identical, whether the object is lifted gradually or at a constant velocity. Choice A is incorrect because the work done is the same in both cases. Choice B is incorrect as well since the work done does not increase. Choice D is incorrect as the mass of the object does not affect the work done by the crane in this scenario.
What is the phenomenon by which light bends as it passes through a prism known as?
- A. Reflection
- B. Electrical conduction
- C. Diffraction
- D. Refraction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Refraction is the phenomenon by which light bends as it passes through a prism or any other medium boundary. When light transitions from one medium to another, such as air to glass in the case of a prism, it changes speed and direction due to the change in the medium's refractive index. This change in speed causes the light to bend. Reflection, on the other hand, is the bouncing back of light when it hits a surface. Diffraction refers to the bending of light around obstacles or through narrow openings. Electrical conduction involves the movement of electrically charged particles through a conductor, which is unrelated to the bending of light.
In an electrically neutral atom, the number of:
- A. Electrons is equal to protons
- B. Protons is equal to neutrons
- C. Neutrons are always greater than protons
- D. Electrons are always less than protons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Electrons carry a negative charge, protons carry a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral. Since the atom is electrically neutral, the positive charge of the protons must balance the negative charge of the electrons, making the numbers of electrons and protons equal. Choice B is incorrect because protons are not equal to neutrons in an atom. Choice C is incorrect because neutrons are not always greater than protons, and choice D is incorrect because electrons are not always less than protons in an atom.
Which conclusion can be drawn from Ohm's law?
- A. Voltage and current are inversely proportional when resistance is constant.
- B. The ratio of the potential difference between the ends of a conductor to current is a constant, R.
- C. Voltage is the amount of charge that passes through a point per second.
- D. Power (P) can be calculated by multiplying current (I) by voltage (V).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ohm's law states that the ratio of the potential difference (voltage) between the ends of a conductor to the current flowing through it is a constant. Mathematically, this is represented as V = I x R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is the constant resistance. Therefore, the correct conclusion that can be drawn from Ohm's law is that the ratio of the potential difference between the ends of a conductor to current is a constant, denoted as R. This relationship is fundamental to understanding the behavior of electrical circuits and the effect of resistance on voltage and current. Choice A is incorrect because Ohm's law actually states that voltage and current are directly proportional when resistance is constant. Choice C is incorrect because voltage is not the amount of charge that passes through a point per second; rather, it is the electric potential energy per unit charge. Choice D is incorrect because although power (P) can be calculated by multiplying current (I) by voltage (V), this is not a conclusion directly drawn from Ohm's law.