Nokea
If a baby weighs 14 kg, how much fluid should be administered to the baby over 24 hours using a rate of 100 ml/kg?
- A. 1400ml
- B. 2600ml
- C. 1650ml
- D. 3360ml
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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What is the reason for Asthma in 4-year-old Mabele, as Mrs. Joyce Thomson inquires? How would you explain it?
- A. Asthma occurs due to inflammation of the respiratory tract triggered by infections.
- B. An asthmatic attack can occur when the child is exposed to certain allergens, triggering an allergic reaction in the bronchioles that causes bronchial constriction.
- C. An asthmatic attack is a response to the release of inflammatory mediators to epithelial cells, affecting the autonomic neural control of the airway.
- D. Asthma is not an inborn problem; it involves abnormal growth of the bronchial tree causing restriction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asthma in children like Mabele can be triggered by exposure to allergens, leading to an allergic reaction in the bronchioles. This reaction causes constriction of the bronchial tree, resulting in an asthmatic attack. It is essential for caregivers to identify and minimize exposure to these triggers to manage and prevent asthma episodes effectively.
Mrs. Byers tells the nurse that she is very worried because her 2-year-old child does not finish his meals. What should the nurse advise the mother?
- A. Make the child seat with the family in the dining room until he finishes his meal
- B. Provide quiet environment for the child before meals
- C. Do not give snacks to the child before meals
- D. Put the child on a chair and feed him
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Justine is admitted to the pediatric unit due to the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis signaling a new diagnosis of diabetes. The diabetes team explores the cause of the episode and takes steps to prevent a recurrence. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from an excessive accumulation of which of the following?
- A. Sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation
- B. Potassium from cell death
- C. Glucose from carbohydrate metabolism
- D. Ketone bodies from fat metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from the excessive accumulation of ketone bodies from fat metabolism. During DKA, there is a lack of insulin leading to the breakdown of fat stores into fatty acids and their subsequent conversion into ketone bodies. These ketone bodies accumulate in the blood, leading to metabolic acidosis and the characteristic symptoms of DKA.
When managing Kofi, a 3-year-old who is on admission and being managed for pneumonia, the nurse has just administered ibuprofen to a child with a temperature of 38.8°C. The nurse should also take which action?
- A. Plan to administer salicylate (aspirin) in 4 hours
- B. Remove excess clothing and blankets from the child
- C. Sponge the child with cold water
- D. Withhold oral fluids for 8 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The word hormone is derived from the Greek 'hormao' meaning 'I excite or arouse.' Hormones communicate this effect through their unique chemical structures recognized by specific receptors on their target cells, their patterns of secretion, and their concentrations in the general or local circulation. Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
- A. Producing new offspring
- B. Promoting growth and enhancing beauty
- C. Maintaining body temperature
- D. Fighting infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.