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If a nurse applies Nightingale's theory to current practice, the nurse's first step will be to evaluate the hospital room's air quality and, second, to:
- A. make certain that the volume of the television is not too loud.
- B. consult the dietitian to check that essential nutrients are added to meet requirements noted on MyPyramid.
- C. ask the client's family to bring family photographs and bright-colored throws for the bed.
- D. arrange for the client to go outside, weather permitting, while keeping the room's window blinds open.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Nightingale's theory emphasizes the importance of a clean and well-ventilated environment for patient healing. By arranging for the client to go outside and keeping the room's window blinds open, the nurse is ensuring proper ventilation and exposure to natural light, which can promote healing. This step aligns with Nightingale's focus on the physical environment's impact on health outcomes.
A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly address the fundamental principle of Nightingale's theory related to environmental factors. Checking the TV volume, consulting a dietitian, or bringing personal items like family photographs do not directly contribute to creating a healing environment based on Nightingale's theory.
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During a health history interview, the nurse listens to a patient relating the precipitating events that led to the onset of chest pain. She focuses her attention on the patient, makes eye contact, and acknowledges what the patient has to say. The nurse is exhibiting:
- A. assertive communication.
- B. active listening.
- C. empathy.
- D. passive communication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: active listening. Active listening involves fully focusing on the speaker, making eye contact, acknowledging what they are saying, and showing genuine interest in their words. In this scenario, the nurse is attentively listening to the patient's account of the events leading to chest pain, demonstrating active listening skills by being present in the moment and engaging with the patient's narrative.
A: Assertive communication involves expressing one's thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully. This choice is incorrect because the nurse is not actively expressing her thoughts or feelings in this situation.
C: Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another. While empathy is important in nursing care, the nurse in this scenario is primarily engaged in listening rather than specifically expressing empathy.
D: Passive communication is characterized by a lack of assertiveness and active engagement in the conversation. This choice is incorrect because the nurse is actively listening and engaging with the patient's narrative.
A group of nurses are assembling outside a hospital protesting the use of foreign nurses after several nurses were terminated due to what the hospital called recurring "decreased census." The nurses carry signs with messages asking potential patients to seek care elsewhere. The local newspaper picked up the story, and the hospital is receiving negative press. The nurses are participating in:
- A. picketing.
- B. collective bargaining.
- C. a strike.
- D. arbitration.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: picketing. Picketing involves protesting outside a workplace to draw attention to an issue, such as the use of foreign nurses in this case. The nurses are not actively refusing to work (strike), negotiating work conditions (collective bargaining), or submitting their dispute to a third party for resolution (arbitration). Picketing is the most appropriate term for their actions in this scenario.
A novice nurse notices a patient is pacing the floor and twisting his hands. When the nurse enters the room, the patient stares at her and mumbles, "Can't anyone understand what I want?" while smiling and reaching out to shake the nurse's hand. The nurse recognizes a risk for violence based on which clinical findings? (select all that apply)
- A. Glaring at the nurse
- B. Nervousness, twisting of hands
- C. Murmuring when talking
- D. Diagnosis of a terminal illness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because glaring at the nurse indicates potential aggression and hostility, which are red flags for violence risk. Glaring can be a non-verbal sign of anger or frustration, signaling a potential escalation. In contrast, nervousness and twisting of hands (choice B) may indicate anxiety or distress but not necessarily violence. Murmuring when talking (choice C) may suggest communication difficulties but does not directly indicate violence risk. Lastly, a diagnosis of a terminal illness (choice D) is not directly related to the immediate risk of violence in this scenario.
Charles Dickens' character Sairy Gamp:
- A. portrayed nurses as trained professional individuals who put others before themselves.
- B. chose nursing because she had no other avenue for employment.
- C. was a prostitute who took advantage of sick old men.
- D. characterized nurses as being at the forefront of technology and autonomy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in Charles Dickens' novel, "Martin Chuzzlewit," Sairy Gamp is depicted as a character who chose nursing as a means of employment due to her lack of other opportunities. This is evident through her portrayal as a self-serving and unprofessional individual, focusing more on her own comfort and benefits rather than the well-being of her patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the actual portrayal of Sairy Gamp in the novel, who is not depicted as a trained professional, a prostitute, or a forward-thinking nurse.
When the nurse manager conducts a qualitative analysis of budget variances, he or she is:
- A. determining the percentage increase of supply usage from the last quarter to the current quarter.
- B. identifying the overall increase in the dollar amount of salaries paid for overtime.
- C. comparing productivity metrics across all nursing units in the facility.
- D. reconciling with current conditions the underlying assumptions on which the budget was based.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when a nurse manager conducts a qualitative analysis of budget variances, they need to reconcile the underlying assumptions on which the budget was based with current conditions. This involves reviewing the initial budget assumptions to see if they still hold true and adjusting them accordingly. This step ensures that the budget remains relevant and accurate.
A is incorrect because determining the percentage increase of supply usage does not involve a qualitative analysis of budget variances. B is incorrect because identifying the overall increase in the dollar amount of salaries paid for overtime is a quantitative analysis, not qualitative. C is incorrect because comparing productivity metrics across nursing units is a different type of analysis and not specifically related to budget variances.