Certified Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Questions

Certified Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Questions Related

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If a patient has severe hyperkalemia, it is possible to administer calcium gluconate intravenously to:

  • A. Immediately lower the potassium level by
  • B. Prevent transient renal failure (TRF)
  • C. Accomplish all of the above
  • D. Antagonize the action of K on the heart
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously in the setting of severe hyperkalemia to antagonize the effects of potassium on the heart. Hyperkalemia can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias due to the changes in membrane potential of cardiac cells caused by increased extracellular potassium levels. Administration of calcium gluconate helps stabilize the cardiac cell membrane potential, protecting against the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. It doesn't provide an immediate decrease in serum potassium levels (Choice A) or prevent transient renal failure (TRF) (Choice B). Therefore, the correct answer is D, as calcium gluconate primarily acts to counteract the effects of hyperkalemia on the heart.

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Which of the following data would be included in a health history? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Review of systems
  • B. Physical assessment
  • C. Sexual history
  • D. Growth measurements
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A health history is a comprehensive compilation of information about a patient's health status, medical conditions, and pertinent background information. The selected data that would be included in a health history includes:

An 8-year-old child is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication if the apical pulse is less than _____ beats/min.

  • A. 60
  • B. 70
  • C. 90
  • D. 100
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric patients receiving digoxin, the nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication if the apical pulse is less than 60 beats/min in an 8-year-old child. Digoxin can cause bradycardia as a side effect, and a low heart rate (bradycardia) can indicate toxicity. Monitoring the apical pulse rate before administering digoxin is essential to ensure the child's safety and prevent complications related to digoxin toxicity.

Undescended testis is a risk factor for the development of which of the following tumors?

  • A. rhabdomyosarcoma
  • B. leukemia
  • C. yolk sac tumor
  • D. lymphoma
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Undescended testis is a well-documented risk factor for yolk sac tumors and other testicular cancers.

Sunshine, age 13, has had a lumbar puncture to examine the CSF to determine if bacterial infection exists. The best position to keep her in after the procedure is:

  • A. Prone for two hours to prevent aspiration, should she vomit.
  • B. Semi-Fowler's so she can watch TV for five hours and be entertained.
  • C. Supine for several hours, to prevent a headache.
  • D. On her right sides to encourage return of CSF
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best position to keep Sunshine in after a lumbar puncture is in the supine position for several hours. This position helps prevent a post-lumbar puncture headache, which is a common complication of the procedure. Keeping Sunshine supine helps reduce the chances of leaking CSF and minimizes the risk of developing a headache due to decreased CSF pressure. Additionally, it is vital to encourage increased fluid intake post-procedure to help replenish the lost CSF and prevent dehydration.

The nurse has been asked to prepare an intervention plan for a client, age 70, admitted for treatment of renal calculi. He complains of frequent pain due to increased pressure in the renal pelvis and is frightened of the excruciating pain. Which of the ff measures can the nurse include in the client's nursing care plan? Choose all that apply

  • A. Administer prescribed nephrotoxic drugs
  • B. Encourage ambulation and liberal fluid
  • C. Observe aseptic principles when changing intake
  • D. Provide a comfortable position
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A. Administer prescribed nephrotoxic drugs - This measure is not appropriate for the client's care plan as nephrotoxic drugs can further harm the kidneys, exacerbating the condition of renal calculi.

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