Nokea
If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially nonfunctional, what is likely to happen?
- A. The pH of stomach will fall abruptly
- B. Steapsin will be more effective
- C. Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
- D. The pancreatic enzymes and specially the trypsin and lipase will not work efficiently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete HCl; if nonfunctional, the stomach pH rises, reducing pepsin's protein digestion efficiency.
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Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
- A. Insulin and glucagon
- B. Cholecystokinin and secretin
- C. Gastrin and insulin
- D. Angiotensin and epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secretin and cholecystokinin stimulate the pancreas to release pancreatic juice and bicarbonate.
The nurse is teaching classes on development to parents of toddlers. A parent asks when a child should be toilet trained. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that sphincter control is generally possible by age months. Provide a numeric answer.
- A. 18
- B. 24
- C. 30
- D. 36
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sphincter control typically develops around 24 months, enabling toilet training.
Which of the following is a function of gall bladder?
- A. Deamination
- B. Bile storage
- C. Synthesis of plasma protein
- D. Storage of fat soluble vitamin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver.
Why is pepsin not secreted into the stomach?
- A. Because it would digest the stomach
- B. It is secreted into the stomach
- C. Because it would be inactivated by the acid in the stomach
- D. It is secreted into the intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pepsin is secreted into the stomach as pepsinogen by chief cells and activated by stomach acid. It does not digest the stomach due to the protective mucus layer.
Which organ in the list is the largest gland in the human body?
- A. parotid
- B. liver
- C. pancreas
- D. thyroid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing about 1.5 kg in adults, and performs numerous functions including bile production and detoxification.