Nokea
If the kidney is damaged it may result in reduced erythrocytes. Why?
- A. Kidney makes erythropoietin. If it is damaged the hormone production decreases and therefore erythrocyte production decreases
- B. The kidney stimulates iron uptake. If it is damaged the iron levels decrease and therefore erythrocyte production decreases
- C. The kidney maintains the health of erythrocytes so if it is damaged they die more quickly
- D. The injured kidney needs erythrocytes to repair itself they therefore get used up more quickly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidney damage reduces erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
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Based on knowledge of the pancreas's role in digestion, what substance produced by the pancreas may be required as a supplement for long-term health management after its surgical removal?
- A. Pancreatic enzymes
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Gastrin
- D. Bile salts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme supplements are needed post-pancreatectomy to aid digestion.
Which part secretes renin?
- A. Liver.
- B. Colon.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Rectum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, but in this context, the stomach is the correct answer as it aligns with the provided solution.
Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in :-
- A. Intestine
- B. Stomach
- C. Oesophagus
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crypts of Lieberkuhn are found in the small and large intestines.
Jaundice is a disorder of :
- A. Skin and eyes
- B. Digestive system
- C. Circulatory system
- D. Excretory system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice is a digestive disorder caused by liver dysfunction, leading to bilirubin buildup.
What happens during the intestinal phase of digestion?
- A. Food is swallowed
- B. Chyme is processed and nutrients absorbed
- C. Water is absorbed
- D. Saliva breaks down starch
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the intestinal phase, chyme is mixed with pancreatic juice and bile, and nutrients are absorbed primarily in the small intestine.