Nokea
If the thoracic wall but not lungs is punctured
- A. The lungs get inflated
- B. The man dies as lungs get collapsed
- C. The breathing rate decrease
- D. The breathing rate increase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because if the thoracic wall is punctured but not the lungs, air will enter the pleural cavity causing a pneumothorax. This leads to lung collapse and can result in death due to impaired gas exchange. Choices A and C are incorrect as the lungs do not get inflated and breathing rate does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as the breathing rate actually increases in response to the decreased lung function.
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Identify the inconsistent value in these measurements on a mixed venous blood sample obtained in a healthy person from IVC at sea level
- A. pO2 = 40mmHg
- B. pCO2 = 48mmHg
- C. PN2 = 620mmHg
- D. O2 content = 150ml/L blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: PN2 = 620mmHg. This is the inconsistent value because the normal partial pressure of nitrogen in venous blood is around 40 mmHg, not 620 mmHg. This discrepancy indicates an abnormal measurement. The other choices (A, B, D) are within expected ranges for a mixed venous blood sample in a healthy person at sea level. Choice A (pO2 = 40mmHg) is typical for venous blood, choice B (pCO2 = 48mmHg) falls within the normal range, and choice D (O2 content = 150ml/L blood) is a reasonable value for mixed venous blood.
Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled '1'?
- A. rectus abdominis
- B. internal intercostals
- C. external intercostals
- D. diaphragm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: external intercostals. These muscles are responsible for elevating the ribcage during inhalation, which corresponds to the movement labeled '1'. The rectus abdominis (A) is involved in trunk flexion, internal intercostals (B) aid in forced exhalation, and the diaphragm (D) primarily assists in inhalation by moving downward to increase thoracic cavity volume. Therefore, the external intercostals are the correct choice for the specific movement indicated in the question.
A nurse plans care for a client who is experiencing dyspnea and must stop multiple times when climbing a flight of stairs. Which intervention would the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
- A. Assistance with activities of daily living
- B. Physical therapy activities every day
- C. Oxygen therapy at 2 L per nasal cannula
- D. Complete bedrest with frequent repositioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assistance with activities of daily living. This intervention helps conserve the client's energy by reducing the physical exertion required for activities like climbing stairs. It promotes independence while ensuring safety and preventing further exacerbation of dyspnea. Physical therapy activities every day (B) may be too strenuous for a client experiencing dyspnea. Oxygen therapy at 2 L per nasal cannula (C) may be necessary for severe cases but does not address the client's functional limitations. Complete bedrest with frequent repositioning (D) may lead to deconditioning and worsen the client's dyspnea.
2,3 DPG (Diphospho glycerate) is an important molecule that competes for Oxygen binding sites of Hemoglobin. It is present in
- A. Blood Plasma
- B. Erythrocytes
- C. Leucocytes
- D. Blood of lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Erythrocytes. 2,3 DPG is a molecule found inside red blood cells (erythrocytes) that helps in regulating the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin. It competes for oxygen binding sites and helps in the release of oxygen to tissues. Choice A (Blood Plasma) is incorrect because 2,3 DPG is not found freely circulating in the blood plasma. Choice C (Leucocytes) is incorrect as 2,3 DPG is not primarily found in white blood cells. Choice D (Blood of lungs) is incorrect as 2,3 DPG is mainly located within red blood cells and not in the blood present in the lungs.
A client who has chronic heart failure is admitted to the emergency department with severe dyspnea and a dry hacking cough. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Auscultate the abdomen
- B. Check the capillary refill
- C. Auscultate the breath sounds
- D. Ask about the patient's allergies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to auscultate the breath sounds (Choice C) because the client is presenting with severe dyspnea and a dry hacking cough, which are indicative of respiratory distress in a patient with chronic heart failure. Auscultating the breath sounds will help the nurse assess the presence of crackles, wheezing, or decreased air entry, providing crucial information about the client's respiratory status and guiding immediate interventions. Checking the capillary refill (Choice B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Auscultating the abdomen (Choice A) is not relevant to the presenting symptoms. Asking about the patient's allergies (Choice D) is important but can be addressed after addressing the immediate respiratory distress.