Nokea
Immediately following a liver biopsy, the patient becomes dyspneic, the pulse increases to 100, and no breath sounds can be heard on the affected side. Which will the nurse suspect?
- A. Peritonitis
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Hemorrhage of the liver
- D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pneumothorax is a possible complication of a liver biopsy. These signs and symptoms need to be reported to the health care provider immediately.
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Which is an indication for a liver transplant?
- A. Congenital biliary abnormalities
- B. Hepatic malignancy
- C. Chronic hepatitis
- D. Cirrhosis due to alcoholism
- E. Gallbladder disease
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Indications for liver transplantation include congenital biliary abnormalities, inborn errors of metabolism, hepatic malignancy (confined to the liver), sclerosing cholangitis, and chronic end-stage liver disease.
The nurse explains that the use of cyclosporine as an immunosuppressant has been successful in the reduction of rejection of liver transplants because the drug has which benefit?
- A. increases the rate of the regeneration of liver cells.
- B. can overcome complications presented by hepatitis C.
- C. increases blood supply to transplant.
- D. does not suppress bone marrow.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant that does not cause bone marrow suppression nor does it impede healing.
Which is the most common procedure for the removal of the gallbladder?
- A. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- B. Cholangiography
- C. Open cholecystectomy
- D. Choledochostomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most recently developed operative procedure, which is now the most common treatment for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, is done by way of endoscopy. It is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy and uses laser cautery to remove the gallbladder.
Which factors may increase a patient's risk of developing cancer of the pancreas?
- A. Diet high in carbohydrates and dairy products
- B. Cardiovascular disease and glaucoma
- C. Tea and cola consumption
- D. Cigarette smoking and having diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cause of cancer of the pancreas is unknown, but it is diagnosed more often in cigarette smokers, people exposed to chemical carcinogens, and people with diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis.
Which factors are most commonly associated with pancreatitis?
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Alcoholism and biliary tract disease
- C. Cirrhosis
- D. History of myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcoholism and biliary tract disease are the two factors most commonly associated with pancreatitis.