Nokea
In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert, John Watson demonstrated that __________.
- A. children cannot be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
- B. infants as young as a few months old will repeat a behavior to obtain a desirable reward
- C. children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
- D. children have an innate, inborn fear of rats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert conducted by John Watson, it was demonstrated that children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus. This is known as classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. In this case, Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with a loud noise. This experiment showcased the power of conditioning in shaping behavior and emotional responses in children.
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An inadequate diet during pregnancy can __________.
- A. lead to higher birth weight and greater brain weight
- B. reduce the risk of pregnancy-induced maternal diabetes
- C. distort the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas
- D. lead to fewer physical discomforts in the final weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An inadequate diet during pregnancy can lead to the distortion of the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in the developing fetus. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of these organs and essential for the overall well-being of the baby. A balanced diet supports optimal growth and development, while inadequate nutrition can have detrimental effects on the baby's organs and long-term health.
The embryonic disk __________.
- A. becomes the new organism
- B. is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
- C. has a good chance of survival outside the womb
- D. is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Newborns of smoking mothers __________.
- A. are more attentive to sounds
- B. display more muscle tension
- C. less often have colic
- D. are less excitable when visually stimulated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Newborns of smoking mothers display more muscle tension. This is because nicotine in cigarettes can lead to increased muscle tension in babies, which can affect their physical development and potentially lead to future health issues. This is one of the negative effects of smoking during pregnancy on the developing fetus.
Dr. Whiren studies how culture is transmitted to the next generation. Dr. Whiren's research best aligns with the perspective of which theorist?
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. John Bowlby
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dr. Whiren's study on how culture is transmitted to the next generation aligns best with the perspective of Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was a developmental psychologist who emphasized the importance of social interactions and cultural influences in shaping cognitive development. He believed that children learn through interactions with others and that culture plays a significant role in this learning process.
Which statement about prenatal rubella is true?
- A. The greatest damage occurs when rubella strikes during the fetal period.
- B. The organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems.
- C. Routine vaccination has made new rubella outbreaks extremely rare worldwide.
- D. Infection during the embryonic period is less harmful than during other prenatal periods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement that the organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems is true. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious harm to the developing fetus, including organ damage, deafness, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. This highlights the importance of prevention and vaccination to protect both pregnant women and their unborn babies from the harmful effects of rubella.