Nokea
In a low-carbohydrate diet, most of the calories are supplied by:
- A. proteins.
- B. fats.
- C. carbohydrates.
- D. vitamins.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a low-carbohydrate diet, fats become the primary source of calories as carbohydrate intake is restricted. Proteins can contribute to caloric intake but are not the primary source in a low-carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrates are intentionally limited in this diet, so they do not supply most of the calories. Vitamins are essential nutrients but do not provide calories.
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Which of the following is one of the simplest amino acids?
- A. Arginine
- B. Valine
- C. Lysine
- D. Glycine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The rate of gastric emptying depends on the:
- A. time of day food is consumed.
- B. composition of food consumed.
- C. rate of food consumption.
- D. frequency of eating.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rate at which the stomach empties its contents is primarily determined by the composition of the food consumed. Foods high in fat and protein tend to slow down gastric emptying, while foods high in carbohydrates usually pass through more quickly. Therefore, the composition of food consumed directly impacts the rate of gastric emptying. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly affect the rate of gastric emptying.
What is the function of chylomicrons?
- A. Produced in the hepatic system.
- B. Composed of triglycerides and cholesterol only.
- C. Absorbed in the large intestine.
- D. Cleared from the blood by lipoprotein lipase.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chylomicrons are particles that transport dietary fats from the small intestine to cells in the body. They are cleared from the bloodstream by lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in chylomicrons into fatty acids and glycerol. This process allows fats to be absorbed by the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chylomicrons are not formed in the hepatic system, they are composed of various lipids including triglycerides and cholesterol, and they are absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.
After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the resulting semifluid mass is called:
- A. a bolus.
- B. chyme.
- C. rennin.
- D. glycogen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: chyme. Chyme is the partially digested food that forms a semifluid mass after mixing with gastric juices. A is incorrect because a bolus refers to a rounded mass of food ready to be swallowed. C, rennin, is an enzyme involved in the digestion of milk proteins and not the term for the semifluid mass after food mixing with gastric secretions. D, glycogen, is a form of stored glucose in the body and is not the term used to describe the partially digested food mass in the stomach.
What is the process by which proteins are synthesized from the available amino acids?
- A. Gluconeogenesis.
- B. Deamination.
- C. Protein synthesis.
- D. Transamination.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein synthesis. This process involves the formation of proteins from amino acids to support various body functions. Gluconeogenesis (choice A) is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, not protein synthesis. Deamination (choice B) is the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, not the synthesis of proteins. Transamination (choice D) is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another, not the direct synthesis of proteins.