Nokea
The type of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that develops when the diet lacks protein is called:
- A. kwashiorkor.
- B. marasmus.
- C. anemia.
- D. beriberi.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition that arises due to a protein-deficient diet. This condition leads to symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, and fatty liver. Choice B, marasmus, is a form of PEM caused by overall malnutrition (protein and calorie deficiency), resulting in severe wasting and muscle loss. Choice C, anemia, is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not specifically related to protein deficiency. Choice D, beriberi, is a disease caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not a form of PEM related to protein deficiency.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is a source of complete protein?
- A. Cereal grains.
- B. Beans.
- C. Nuts.
- D. Eggs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus is known as:
- A. hiatal hernia.
- B. diverticulitis.
- C. gastroenteritis.
- D. gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Choice A, hiatal hernia, is a condition where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm. Choice B, diverticulitis, is inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system. Choice C, gastroenteritis, is inflammation of the stomach and intestines typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Therefore, only choice D accurately describes the regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus.
Why are bacteria found in the colon important?
- A. synthesize important vitamins.
- B. complete the process of absorption.
- C. synthesize some minerals.
- D. finish the process of digestion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacteria found in the colon are important because they synthesize important vitamins, such as vitamin K. This aids in the body's overall health and functioning. Choice B is incorrect because absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the colon. Choice C is incorrect as the synthesis of minerals is not a primary function of colon bacteria. Choice D is incorrect as the digestion process mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine.
The valve that controls the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the cecum is called the:
- A. ileocecal valve.
- B. pyloric valve.
- C. cardiac valve.
- D. hepatic valve.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ileocecal valve. The ileocecal valve is located between the small intestine and the cecum, controlling the passage of chyme. The pyloric valve (choice B) is located between the stomach and the small intestine, regulating the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. The cardiac valve (choice C) refers to the valve between the esophagus and the stomach. The hepatic valve (choice D) is not a correct term related to the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the cecum.
What is the chemical structure that forms the base component of an amino acid?
- A. carboxyl group
- B. carbon chain
- C. radicals
- D. amino group
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino acids consist of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain attached to a central carbon atom. The amino group is essential for the formation of proteins. The carboxyl group is not the base component but another important functional group in amino acids. Carbon chain and radicals are not specific chemical structures that form the base component of an amino acid.