Nokea
In a mother's class, you discuss proper breastfeeding technique. Which of these is a sign that the baby has latched on the breast properly?
- A. The baby takes shallow, rapid sucks
- B. The mother does not feel nipple pain
- C. The baby's mouth is only partly open
- D. Only the mother's nipple is inside the baby's mouth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because if the mother does not feel nipple pain, it indicates that the baby has latched on properly. Nipple pain is a common sign of improper latch, which can lead to discomfort and ineffective breastfeeding. The other choices are incorrect: A indicates ineffective sucking, C suggests a shallow latch, and D signifies a shallow latch that only involves the nipple, not the areola, leading to potential issues with milk transfer and nipple pain.
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Which demographic tool may be used to describe the sex composition of the population?
- A. Sex ratio
- B. Sex proportion
- C. Population pyramid
- D. Any of these may be used
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of the choices can be used to describe the sex composition of the population. A, the sex ratio, compares the number of males to females. B, sex proportion, also refers to the distribution of males and females in a population. C, population pyramid, visually displays the age and sex distribution of a population. Therefore, any of these tools can be utilized to describe the sex composition accurately.
What is the best reason for administering vitamin A to a postpartum client?
- A. To help strengthen her immune system
- B. To improve her vision
- C. To protect her from infection
- D. To promote wound healing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To help strengthen her immune system. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is especially important for postpartum women to prevent infections. Vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
B: To improve her vision - While vitamin A is essential for good vision, it is not the primary reason for administering it to a postpartum client.
C: To protect her from infection - This is partially correct, as vitamin A helps protect against infections, but the primary reason is to strengthen the immune system.
D: To promote wound healing - Vitamin A is important for wound healing, but the immune system support is the key reason for administering it in the postpartum period.
What care is given to a woman within a month after the delivery of a baby?
- A. Follow-up care
- B. Maternity care
- C. Puerperal care
- D. Post-natal care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Post-natal care. Post-natal care refers to the care given to a woman within a month after delivering a baby. This care is crucial for monitoring the mother's physical and emotional health, providing support with breastfeeding, ensuring proper healing, and addressing any postpartum complications. Follow-up care (A) is a general term that may include various types of care beyond the immediate post-natal period. Maternity care (B) typically refers to the care provided during pregnancy and childbirth, not specifically after delivery. Puerperal care (C) specifically focuses on the period immediately following childbirth and may not encompass the entire month post-delivery.
Which of the following health professionals can sign the birth certificate?
- A. Public health nurse
- B. Rural health midwife
- C. Municipal health officer
- D. Any of these health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of these health professionals can sign a birth certificate. Public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers are all qualified to verify and certify births. This is important for accurate record-keeping and legal purposes. Each of these professionals has the training and authority to confirm the details of a birth and sign the necessary documentation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as any of these health professionals can sign the birth certificate. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they limit the scope of who can sign the birth certificate, whereas the correct answer encompasses all the options provided.
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.