Nokea
In a patient with acromegaly, which assessment finding will the nurse expect to find?
- A. Sternal deformity and hyperextensible joints
- B. Growth retardation and a delayed onset of puberty
- C. Overgrowth of bone in the face, head, hands, and feet
- D. Increased height and weight and delayed sexual development
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly is a condition characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone in adulthood after normal body growth completion. This hormonal excess leads to overgrowth of bones in the face, head, hands, and feet; however, there is no significant change in height. Stating sternal deformity and hyperextensible joints is incorrect as they are characteristic findings of Marfan syndrome. Growth retardation and delayed onset of puberty are not typical of acromegaly but are seen in hypopituitary dwarfism. Increased height, weight, and delayed sexual development are features of gigantism, not acromegaly. Therefore, the correct assessment finding in a patient with acromegaly would be overgrowth of bone in the face, head, hands, and feet.
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A patient in a clinic has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. What is the most likely route of transmission?
- A. Sexual contact with an infected partner
- B. Contaminated food
- C. Blood transfusion
- D. Illegal drug use
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is contaminated food. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. Sexual contact with an infected partner is more commonly associated with hepatitis B and C. Blood transfusion is a potential route for hepatitis B and C transmission due to bloodborne pathogens. Illegal drug use, particularly involving shared needles, is a common route for hepatitis C transmission.
How many cc are there in 25 ounces?
- A. 250
- B. 500
- C. 750
- D. 1000
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To convert ounces to cc, we know that there are 30 cc in 1 ounce. Therefore, to find out how many cc are in 25 ounces, we multiply 30 cc/ounce by 25 ounces which equals 750 cc. This makes choice C, 750, the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not correctly convert ounces to cc.
The nurse is conducting a health fair for older adults. Which statement is true regarding vital sign measurements in aging adults?
- A. The pulse is easier to palpate due to the rigidity of the blood vessels.
- B. An increased respiratory rate and a shallower inspiratory phase are expected findings.
- C. A widened pulse pressure occurs from changes in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
- D. Changes in the body's temperature regulatory mechanism decrease the older adult's likelihood of developing a fever.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aging causes a decrease in vital capacity and decreased inspiratory reserve volume. As a result, the examiner may observe a shallower inspiratory phase and an increased respiratory rate in older adults. Contrary to common belief, the increased rigidity of arterial walls actually makes the pulse easier to palpate in aging adults. Pulse pressure is widened, not decreased, due to changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Furthermore, changes in the body's temperature regulatory mechanism make older individuals less likely to develop a fever but more susceptible to hypothermia.
When assessing the force or strength of a pulse, what would the nurse recall about the pulse?
- A. Is a reflection of the heart's stroke volume
- B. Typically recorded on a 0- to 3-point scale
- C. Demonstrates elasticity of the blood vessel wall
- D. Reflects the blood volume in the arteries during diastole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing the force or strength of a pulse, the nurse should recall that it is a reflection of the heart's stroke volume. The heart pumps an amount of blood (the stroke volume) into the aorta, causing arterial walls to flare and generate a pressure wave felt as the pulse in the periphery. The force of the pulse is typically recorded on a 0- to 3-point scale, not a 0- to 2-point scale. The force of the pulse does not demonstrate the elasticity of blood vessel walls or reflect the blood volume in the arteries during diastole. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.
When measuring a patient's body temperature, what factor should be considered that can influence the temperature?
- A. Constipation
- B. Diurnal cycle
- C. Nocturnal cycle
- D. Patient's emotional state
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When measuring body temperature, it is essential to consider factors that can influence it. The diurnal cycle, which refers to the body's natural temperature variations throughout a 24-hour period, can impact body temperature readings. Factors like exercise, age, and environment can also affect body temperature. Constipation does not directly influence body temperature. The 'nocturnal cycle' is not a recognized term in relation to body temperature. While a patient's emotional state can affect vital signs, it is not a primary factor in influencing body temperature measurements.