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In a patient with central diabetes insipidus, what will the administration of ADH during a water deprivation test result in?
- A. Decrease in body weight
- B. Decrease in blood pressure
- C. Increase in urinary output
- D. Increase in urine osmolality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In central diabetes insipidus, administering ADH during a water deprivation test will result in an increase in urine osmolality due to the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine in response to ADH.
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A deficiency of insulin causes:
- A. hypocalcemia.
- B. hyperglycemia.
- C. Cushing syndrome.
- D. adrenal shock.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hyperglycemia. Insulin deficiency leads to an inability to regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells for energy utilization, leading to hyperglycemia. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypocalcemia is low calcium levels, not caused by insulin deficiency. C: Cushing syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, not related to insulin deficiency. D: Adrenal shock is a life-threatening condition due to insufficient adrenal gland function, not directly caused by insulin deficiency.
This is Not an Endocrine Gland
- A. Adrenal
- B. Pituitary
- C. Lacrimal
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is not an endocrine gland because it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It produces tears to lubricate and cleanse the eyes. Adrenal, Pituitary, and Thyroid glands are endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various functions in the body. Adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline, Pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands, and Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones. Therefore, Lacrimal gland is the correct answer as it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream like the other choices.
Which of the following post-operative nursing actions should the nurse perform when a client with acromegaly has nasal packing?
- A. Detect the signs of increased intracranial pressure and meningitis
- B. Detect the presence of cerebrospinal fluid
- C. Detect the signs of hypoglycemia
- D. Detect the presence of striae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be detected after nasal packing, as leakage of CSF may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which can occur after pituitary surgery.
Which row identifies the product at each electrode?
- A. bromide ions, lead ions
- B. bromine, lead
- C. lead ions, bromide ions
- D. lead, bromine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because lead is the product at the cathode (negative electrode) during electrolysis, while bromine is the product at the anode (positive electrode). Lead is reduced at the cathode to form lead metal, and bromine is oxidized at the anode to form bromine gas. This is in line with the general rule that cations are attracted to the cathode and are reduced, while anions are attracted to the anode and are oxidized.
Choice A is incorrect as bromide ions are reduced at the cathode, not lead ions. Choice B is incorrect because bromine is produced at the anode, not lead. Choice C is incorrect because lead ions are reduced at the cathode, not bromide ions.
The hormone that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus is .
- A. follicle-stimulating hormone
- B. oxytocin
- C. prolactin
- D. luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxytocin. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus during childbirth and labor. It acts on the smooth muscle cells in the uterine wall, causing them to contract and aiding in the process of childbirth.
A: Follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in the regulation of the reproductive system, particularly in the development of ovarian follicles.
C: Prolactin is primarily responsible for milk production in the mammary glands.
D: Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum in the ovary.
Therefore, the correct answer is B because it directly affects the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus, which is essential during childbirth.