Nokea
Delegation Decision: The following interventions are planned for a diabetic patient. Which intervention can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
- A. Discuss complications of diabetes.
- B. Check that the bath water is not too hot.
- C. Check the patient's technique for drawing up insulin.
- D. Teach the patient to use a meter for self-monitoring of blood glucose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The UAP can check the bath water temperature, but teaching and assessing insulin-related skills require nursing knowledge.
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Which disease can be caused by a lack of vitamin C?
- A. AIDS
- B. coronary heart disease
- C. rickets
- D. scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, bleeding gums, and skin discoloration. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency impairs collagen formation.
A: AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), not by a lack of vitamin C.
B: Coronary heart disease is primarily related to factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking, not vitamin C deficiency.
C: Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, leading to soft and weak bones, not by a lack of vitamin C.
Which of the following suppress(es) the secretion of ACTH?
- A. Elevated blood glucose levels
- B. Dietary iodine
- C. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- D. Elevated plasma cortisol levels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated plasma cortisol levels suppress the secretion of ACTH through negative feedback. High cortisol levels signal the hypothalamus and pituitary to decrease the release of CRH and ACTH, respectively, to maintain homeostasis. This is a regulatory mechanism to prevent excessive cortisol production.
A: Elevated blood glucose levels do not directly suppress ACTH secretion.
B: Dietary iodine is not related to ACTH secretion.
C: CRH stimulates ACTH release, so it does not suppress its secretion.
Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Thyroid
- D. Neurohypophysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thyroid. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. A colloid is a gel-like substance found in the thyroid follicles. Goiter is a condition of thyroid enlargement. The other choices are incorrect because the pancreas (A) produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, the parathyroid (B) regulates calcium levels, and the neurohypophysis (D) is part of the pituitary gland responsible for releasing hormones like vasopressin. Thus, the correct choice is the thyroid gland due to its association with iodine, colloid, and goiter.
A patient presents with a tumor of the adrenal gland. It is determined that the levels of renin-angiotensin is low. Which of the following would lead to increased renin-angiotensin levels?
- A. Cushing's syndrome
- B. Secondary hyperaldosteronism
- C. Primary hyperaldosteronism, Conn's syndrome
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary hyperaldosteronism. In this scenario, the low renin-angiotensin levels indicate a feedback mechanism where the body is trying to compensate for high aldosterone levels. Secondary hyperaldosteronism, which can be caused by conditions like renal artery stenosis or heart failure, leads to increased aldosterone secretion independent of renin levels, resulting in low renin-angiotensin levels.
A: Cushing's syndrome is associated with excess cortisol production, but it does not directly influence renin-angiotensin levels.
C: Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) is characterized by high aldosterone levels, not low renin-angiotensin levels.
D: Both Cushing's syndrome and secondary hyperaldosteronism do not necessarily occur together, making this option incorrect.
Simple goiter can be prevented by _________.
- A. antibiotics
- B. adding iodine to the diet
- C. surgery
- D. hormone therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: adding iodine to the diet. Iodine deficiency is a common cause of simple goiter. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and a lack of it can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Adding iodine to the diet helps prevent simple goiter by ensuring the thyroid has enough iodine to function properly. Antibiotics (choice A) are not effective for preventing goiter as it is not caused by bacteria. Surgery (choice C) and hormone therapy (choice D) are typically used to treat goiter once it has developed, not prevent it.