Nokea
A patient with hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine (Synthroid). What should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this therapy?
- A. Explain that alternate-day dosage may be used if side effects occur.
- B. Provide written instruction for all information related to the drug therapy.
- C. Assure the patient that a return to normal function will occur with replacement therapy.
- D. Inform the patient that the drug must be taken until the hormone balance is reestablished.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing written instructions helps ensure the patient understands the treatment plan, including correct dosage, administration, and any potential side effects.
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You are caring for a diabetic patient who is developing DKA. Which delegated task is most appropriate?
- A. Ask the unit clerk to page the physician to come to the unit.
- B. Ask the LPN/LVN to administer IV insulin according to the sliding scale.
- C. Ask the nursing assistant to check the patient's level of consciousness.
- D. Ask the nursing assistant to get the patient a cup of orange juice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Checking the patient's level of consciousness is a crucial assessment for a patient developing DKA, and this task can be delegated to the nursing assistant.
Alexa, a 32-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Nursing interventions would include teaching her about the typical accompanying signs and symptoms, such as:
- A. Weight loss, malar rash, and pharyngitis.
- B. Hypothyroidism, podagra, and elevated fasting glucose.
- C. Violaceous rash, pitting peripheral edema, and palpitation.
- D. Hypertension, low HDL, and elevated triglycerides.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, abdominal obesity, and elevated fasting glucose.
Which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex?
- A. It is the target gland of ACTH.
- B. It secretes catecholamines.
- C. It secretes hormones that lower blood glucose.
- D. It secretes iodine-containing hormones.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. The adrenal cortex is indeed the target gland of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone).
2. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release corticosteroid hormones.
3. These corticosteroid hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response.
4. Therefore, choice A accurately describes the relationship between the adrenal cortex and ACTH.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because the adrenal cortex is the target gland of ACTH, not the other choices. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (choice B), hormones that raise blood glucose (not lower, as in choice C), and iodine-containing hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland, not the adrenal cortex (choice D).
A patient with a recent drug poisoning is transported to the emergency department. The physician orders (correctly, in this case) administration of pralidoxime as part of the comprehensive emergency treatment plan. Which one of the following best describes who the patient was?
- A. A 13-year-old boy who took an overdose of amphetamine for his ADD/ADHD
- B. A 43-year-old who took an overdose of neostigmine, prescribed for her myasthenia gravis, in a suicide attempt
- C. A 6-year-old who got into the family medicine cabinet and took 10 'adult doses' of her dad's prazosin
- D. A farm/field worker accidentally doused with insecticide from an overflying crop-duster plane
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pralidoxime is used to treat poisoning from organophosphate insecticides, which are commonly used in agriculture. The patient is likely a farm/field worker who was accidentally exposed to insecticide.
A: Amphetamine poisoning does not require pralidoxime.
B: Neostigmine is not an organophosphate insecticide.
C: Prazosin is not an organophosphate insecticide and is unlikely to require pralidoxime in this context.
In summary, the correct answer is D because the patient's exposure to insecticide aligns with the indication for pralidoxime use, while the other choices involve different substances that do not require pralidoxime treatment.
Hormones can be put into two categories based on chemical makeup. What are these categories?
- A. glands and cortex
- B. proteins and carbohydrates
- C. peptides (proteins) and steroids
- D. endocrine and ectocrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptides (proteins) and steroids. Peptides and steroids are the two main categories of hormones based on their chemical makeup. Peptides are made up of amino acids and include proteins, while steroids are derived from cholesterol. This classification is essential because it determines how hormones are synthesized and how they interact with target cells. Glands and cortex (option A) do not represent the chemical makeup of hormones, proteins and carbohydrates (option B) are broad categories that do not specifically address hormone types, and endocrine and ectocrine (option D) refer to different types of glands, not the chemical composition of hormones.