Nokea
In a patient with COPD, the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications increases with:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postoperative pulmonary complications in COPD patients are influenced by disease severity and patient condition. Wheezing indicates active airway obstruction and inflammation, directly increasing the risk of complications like atelectasis or pneumonia due to impaired ventilation and secretion clearance. A preoperative cough may suggest irritation or infection but is less specific than wheezing as a risk predictor. Low BMI reflects malnutrition, a known risk factor, but its impact is less immediate than active respiratory symptoms. Low serum albumin (<35 g/L, not mg/L as stated) also indicates poor nutritional status and healing capacity, elevating risk, but wheezing is more directly tied to airway dynamics. Regional anesthesia may reduce complications compared to general anesthesia, but the question focuses on risk factors. Wheezing's presence signals acute respiratory compromise, making it the strongest preoperative indicator of postoperative issues.