Nokea
A patient diagnosed with moderate COPD would have a FEV1 of which percentage of their predicted range?
- A. 40%
- B. <80%
- C. 60-79%
- D. 40-59%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate COPD's FEV1 lands 40-59% predicted airflow's pinched, not trashed, fitting GOLD staging, a middle ground of huff and puff. Over 40's too broad; under 80's loose; 60-79's mild. Nurses clock this, tuning chronic care's pace.
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Which of these causes of gastroenteritis usually requires treatment with antibiotics?
- A. shigella
- B. salmonella
- C. e-coli
- D. giardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giardia flagellate needs metronidazole, not shigella, salmonella, E. coli, campy's self-run. Nurses dose this chronic gut bug.
The public health nurse is presenting a health-promotion class to a group at a local community center. Which intervention most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America?
- A. Monthly self-breast exams
- B. Smoking cessation
- C. Annual colonoscopies
- D. Monthly testicular exams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lung cancer tops the list of cancer deaths in North America for both men and women, as noted in the feedback, with over 570,000 deaths projected in 2011 alone. Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, making cessation the most direct intervention to tackle this killer. Self-breast and testicular exams target breast and testicular cancers, respectively, which rank lower in mortality (breast is second for women, prostate second for men). Colonoscopies address colorectal cancer, third in frequency, but lung cancer's dominance ties directly to smoking's prevalence. By pushing cessation, nurses hit the root cause head-on, reducing exposure to carcinogens like tar and nicotine that drive malignant transformation in lung tissue. This aligns with primary prevention, cutting incidence before it starts, unlike screening which catches disease later.
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty slams chronic illness cash shortages spike stress, skimp care, and fuel risks like poor diet, a root driver nurses see in diabetes or heart woes. Stability's a buffer, urban life's neutral, education helps but lacks poverty's punch. Socioeconomic holes breed disease, a chronic trap clinicians fight.
Which drug regimen in AIDS is usually used?
- A. 2 nucleosides and nevirapine
- B. 2 nucleosides and a protease inhibitor
- C. 1 nucleoside, nevirapine and a protease inhibitor
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIDS cocktails two nucleosides plus nevirapine or protease inhibitor, both slam HIV's lifecycle. Single's weak nurses mix these chronic viral brakes.
Which stage of liver damage is irreversible?
- A. Cirrhosis
- B. Fibrosis
- C. Inflammation
- D. Steatosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cirrhosis scars for keeps fibrosis might bend, inflammation fades, steatosis lifts, but end-stage knots stay. Nurses mark this, a chronic liver lock.