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Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes often have increased fasting triglyceride levels. Question: Which explanation for these increased fasting triglyceride levels is most likely?
- A. The triglyceride production of adipose tissue is not sufficiently inhibited by insulin
- B. Increased VLDL production leads to increased levels of free fatty acids
- C. The VLDL production by the liver is not sufficiently inhibited by insulin
- D. The LDL uptake by adipose tissue is not sufficiently stimulated by insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2's triglyceride rise liver VLDL pumps unchecked, insulin flops, not fat tissue or LDL games. Nurses target this, a chronic liver lipid leak.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who recently underwent a mechanical valve replacement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the clients correct understanding of the discharge teaching regarding warfarin anticoagulant therapy?
- A. I may need to modify my diet while on this medication
- B. I do not need to take my prescribed medication for the rest of my life
- C. Additional monitoring is not required while on the anticoagulant
- D. I can lead a normal life while on anticoagulants; no restrictions are required
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mechanical valves demand warfarin forever diet tweaks, like steady vitamin K, keep INR stable, a sign the client gets it. Lifelong meds, monitoring, and restrictions (e.g., bleeding risk) are non-negotiable. Nurses cheer this dietary nod, ensuring warfarin's tightrope walk succeeds, a smart grasp in this valve swap life.
Which of these causes of gastroenteritis usually requires treatment with antibiotics?
- A. shigella
- B. salmonella
- C. e-coli
- D. giardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giardia flagellate needs metronidazole, not shigella, salmonella, E. coli, campy's self-run. Nurses dose this chronic gut bug.
Changes in blood lipids often occur in people who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Question: Which of the following abnormalities is most consistent with metabolic syndrome?
- A. Increased triglyceride with decreased LDL cholesterol
- B. Increased triglyceride with increased LDL cholesterol
- C. Increased triglyceride with decreased HDL cholesterol
- D. Decreased triglyceride with increased HDL cholesterol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome's lipid mark triglycerides up, HDL down fits the frame, not LDL swings or triglyceride drops. Nurses clock this, a chronic fat flag.
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty slams chronic illness cash shortages spike stress, skimp care, and fuel risks like poor diet, a root driver nurses see in diabetes or heart woes. Stability's a buffer, urban life's neutral, education helps but lacks poverty's punch. Socioeconomic holes breed disease, a chronic trap clinicians fight.
Assessment of a wound does not include which of the following?
- A. Location
- B. Size
- C. Blood Pressure
- D. Colour of wound
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wound checks where, how big, what hue guide care. BP's body-wide, not wound-specific. Nurses skip it, a chronic sore's focus.