Nokea
Which of the following medications are appropriate for the treatment of heart failure?
- A. Digoxin
- B. Bronchodilators
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heart failure's fluid overload and pump inefficiency need diuretics they offload excess volume, easing dyspnea and edema, a cornerstone of treatment. Digoxin boosts contractility, useful in some cases, but diuretics directly tackle the hallmark issue. Bronchodilators aid breathing in lung disease, not heart failure's core. Antibiotics fight infection, irrelevant here. Diuretics' rapid impact on preload makes them essential, aligning with guideline-directed therapy, a nurse's focus for symptom relief and stability in heart failure management, outranking adjuncts like digoxin in immediate need.
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The signs and symptoms of heart failure do not include:
- A. Dyspnoea
- B. Orthopnoea
- C. Urinary frequency
- D. Fatigue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heart failure floods breathless, flat-lie gasps, swelling, wiped out. Peeing often? Kidneys, not heart others scream pump fail. Nurses clock these, a chronic wet mess minus bladder.
Which of the following is NOT an early warning symptom of hypoglycaemia?
- A. Giddiness, drowsiness
- B. Anxiety
- C. Tremors
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early hypoglycemia symptoms from low blood glucose (<70 mg/dL) include anxiety, tremors, diaphoresis, and palpitations adrenergic responses signaling the body's counter-regulatory effort. Giddiness and drowsiness, while possible, are neuroglycopenic symptoms appearing later as brain glucose drops further, not early warnings. Recognizing early signs allows timely intervention (e.g., glucose intake), critical in diabetes management to prevent severe outcomes like confusion or seizures. Physicians must teach patients these distinctions for effective self-care in chronic conditions.
The genetic profile determines the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in a population group. Question: Which population group has the LOWEST risk to develop endstage renal disease as a consequence of diabetes?
- A. Afro-Americans
- B. Iberians (Spanish origin)
- C. Caucasians
- D. Native Americans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Caucasians dodge worst kidney doom Afro-Americans, Native Americans soar high, Iberians mid-tier. Genes and diabetes hit lighter here, a chronic renal risk low nurses screen this gradient.
External-beam radiation is planned for a patient with cervical cancer. What instructions should the nurse give to the patient to prevent complications from the effects of the radiation?
- A. Test all stools for the presence of blood.
- B. Maintain a high-residue, high-fiber diet.
- C. Clean the perianal area carefully after every bowel movement.
- D. Inspect the mouth and throat daily for the appearance of thrush.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cervical radiation hits the pelvis diarrhea's a beast from bowel irritation. Gentle perianal cleaning stops skin breakdown and infection, a must-do. Stool blood happens but isn't routine to test diarrhea's expected. High-fiber worsens it low-residue's better. Thrush is oral, not pelvic radiation's turf. Nurses in oncology push this hygiene tip, keeping skin intact amid radiation's gut chaos.
The family of a neutropenic client reports that the client is confused and 'is not acting right.' What action by the nurse is the priority?
- A. Delegate taking a set of vital signs
- B. Ask the client about pain
- C. Look at today's laboratory results
- D. Assess the client for a urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutropenia slashes immunity confusion screams infection, like sepsis, needing instant vitals to catch fever or shock, a priority delegated to flag danger fast per ABCs. Pain's a clue, but vitals trump. Labs lag; UTI assessment follows. Nurses lean on teamwork, ensuring rapid data in this infection-prone fog, a life-saving first step.