Nokea
Which organism can not be detected by antigen testing of CSF, serum or urine?
- A. cryptococcus neoformans
- B. TB
- C. Ecoli
- D. Hemophilus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TB hides from antigen tests slow grower, no quick CSF, serum, or urine markers like cryptococcus' capsular catch, E. coli's bits, Haemophilus' caps, or Group B strep's flags. Nurses lean on culture or PCR here, a chronic stealth bug dodging rapid nets.
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Following chemotherapy, a patient is being closely monitored for tumor lysis syndrome. Which laboratory value requires particular attention?
- A. Platelet count
- B. Electrolytes
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Hematocrit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome, a post-chemotherapy emergency, floods blood with cell breakdown products potassium, phosphate, uric acid disrupting electrolytes, risking renal failure or cardiac arrest. Monitoring electrolytes is critical to catch hyperkalemia or hyperphosphatemia, guiding urgent correction like dialysis. Platelets drop with chemotherapy but aren't TLS-specific. Hemoglobin and hematocrit track anemia, not lysis effects. Electrolytes' volatility in TLS demands focus abnormalities signal escalating danger, a nurse's lifeline to intervene, ensuring rapid response to this metabolic storm in cancer treatment's wake.
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with end-stage kidney disease; pH 7.26; PaCO2 37 mm Hg; PaO2 94 mm Hg and HCO3 15 mEq/L. What do these values indicate?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory acidosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: End-stage kidney disease hampers acid excretion pH 7.26 (below 7.35) and HCO3 15 mEq/L (below 22) confirm metabolic acidosis, as kidneys fail to buffer, dropping bicarbonate. PaCO2 37 mm Hg (normal) rules out respiratory issues lungs aren't compensating yet. PaO2 94 mm Hg shows oxygenation's fine. Alkalosis options contradict low pH; respiratory acidosis needs high CO2. Nurses recognize this acid-base shift, anticipating bicarbonate or dialysis, a key intervention in renal failure's metabolic chaos.
Assessment of a wound does not include which of the following?
- A. Location
- B. Size
- C. Blood Pressure
- D. Colour of wound
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wound checks where, how big, what hue guide care. BP's body-wide, not wound-specific. Nurses skip it, a chronic sore's focus.
Which of the following is not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Pre-diabetes mellitus
- D. Hyperuricemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NAFLD diabetes, pre-sugar, uric, colon tie; lung cancer's out. Nurses link this chronic fat net.
A patient receiving head and neck radiation for larynx cancer has ulcerations over the oral mucosa and tongue and thick, ropey saliva. Which instructions should the nurse give to this patient?
- A. Remove food debris from the teeth and oral mucosa with a stiff toothbrush.
- B. Use cotton-tipped applicators dipped in hydrogen peroxide to clean the teeth.
- C. Gargle and rinse the mouth several times a day with an antiseptic mouthwash.
- D. Rinse the mouth before and after each meal and at bedtime with a saline solution.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Head and neck radiation trashes the mouth ulcers and ropey saliva need saline rinses to clean gently, easing pain without wrecking tissue. Stiff brushes shred mucosa; peroxide burns it; antiseptic washes sting and dry. Nurses in oncology teach this saline's soothing, safe, and fights infection risk in a radiated, vulnerable mouth.