Chronic Illness Nursing Questions

Chronic Illness Nursing Questions Related

Review Chronic Illness Nursing Questions related questions and content

With regards to adverse effects of first-line antihypertensive medications, angioedema has been associated with which ONE of the following classes of antihypertensives?

  • A. Angiotensin receptor blockers
  • B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
  • C. Calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridine)
  • D. Thiazide diuretics
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema, a potentially life-threatening swelling of deep skin layers or mucous membranes, is a well-documented adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, occurring in about 0.1-0.7% of patients due to bradykinin accumulation from enzyme inhibition. This distinguishes ACE inhibitors from other first-line antihypertensives. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) rarely cause angioedema, as they don't affect bradykinin levels. Calcium channel blockers (e.g., dihydropyridines like amlodipine) may cause peripheral edema but not angioedema. Thiazide diuretics are linked to electrolyte imbalances or rashes, not angioedema. Family physicians must recognize this ACE inhibitor risk, ensuring prompt discontinuation and airway management if it occurs, critical for safe chronic disease management.

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Which drug regimen in AIDS is usually used?

  • A. 2 nucleosides and nevirapine
  • B. 2 nucleosides and a protease inhibitor
  • C. 1 nucleoside, nevirapine and a protease inhibitor
  • D. A and B
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: AIDS cocktails two nucleosides plus nevirapine or protease inhibitor, both slam HIV's lifecycle. Single's weak nurses mix these chronic viral brakes.

The antidiabetic also effective in lowering the cholesterol level is

  • A. Rosiglitazone
  • B. Metformin
  • C. Chlorpropamide
  • D. Repaglinide
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metformin's the cholesterol-trimming antidiabetic cuts glucose and lipids, a dual chronic win. Rosiglitazone ups insulin sensitivity, risks heart fat; chlorpropamide pumps insulin, no lipid perk; repaglinide's quick insulin hit misses cholesterol. Nurses flag metformin's bonus, a type 2 staple with vascular edge.

Which stage of liver damage is irreversible?

  • A. Cirrhosis
  • B. Fibrosis
  • C. Inflammation
  • D. Steatosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cirrhosis scars for keeps fibrosis might bend, inflammation fades, steatosis lifts, but end-stage knots stay. Nurses mark this, a chronic liver lock.

Following chemotherapy, a patient is being closely monitored for tumor lysis syndrome. Which laboratory value requires particular attention?

  • A. Platelet count
  • B. Electrolytes
  • C. Hemoglobin
  • D. Hematocrit
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome, a post-chemotherapy emergency, floods blood with cell breakdown products potassium, phosphate, uric acid disrupting electrolytes, risking renal failure or cardiac arrest. Monitoring electrolytes is critical to catch hyperkalemia or hyperphosphatemia, guiding urgent correction like dialysis. Platelets drop with chemotherapy but aren't TLS-specific. Hemoglobin and hematocrit track anemia, not lysis effects. Electrolytes' volatility in TLS demands focus abnormalities signal escalating danger, a nurse's lifeline to intervene, ensuring rapid response to this metabolic storm in cancer treatment's wake.

Which of the following is FALSE about reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF)?

  • A. The goals of therapy are to reduce morbidity (i.e., reducing symptoms, improving health-related quality of life and functional status, decreasing the rate of hospitalisation) and to reduce mortality
  • B. Beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) are the preferred antihypertensive agents because these agents improve survival
  • C. Recommended lifestyle modifications include smoking cessation, restriction of alcohol consumption, salt restriction, weight reduction in obese patients, as well as daily weight monitoring to detect fluid accumulation before it becomes symptomatic
  • D. Patients at high risk for re-hospitalisation should be referred to a long-term care facility
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: HFrEF goals, preferred drugs (beta blockers, ACEi, ARBs, ARNI, MRA), and lifestyle changes are true, per ESC/ACC guidelines. However, high re-hospitalization risk doesn't mandate long-term care referral outpatient management or cardiac rehab is preferred unless dependency justifies it. This false claim refines chronic HFrEF management focus.

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