Nokea
In administering vitamin K to the infant shortly after birth, the nurse understands that vitamin K is
- A. Synthesized by the kidneys
- B. Not initially synthesized because of sterile bowel at birth
- C. Given to enhance lung function
- D. Produced by the liver immediately
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Not initially synthesized because of sterile bowel at birth B explains the need for vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease, per document .
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Biological causes of mild mental retardation includes all of the following except:
- A. Excessive fetal movements
- B. Maternal drug use
- C. Perinatal insults
- D. Sex chromosomal abnormalities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive fetal movements aren’t a recognized cause of mild mental retardation; they’re nonspecific. B-E are established contributors (CDC).
A 2-year-old girl presents with a seizure and fever of 102°F. No focal neurologic signs are noted. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Epilepsy
- B. Febrile seizure
- C. Meningitis
- D. Brain tumor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Febrile seizure is common in toddlers with fever and no focal signs, per AAP. A, C-E have additional features.
Immediate priority for a 6-year-old with pneumonia is
- A. Nutrition
- B. Medication
- C. Reassurance
- D. Rest
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rest D reduces respiratory demand, per document p18, 4.
The nurse is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. The nurse determines the adolescent understands the information when she says a good drink to keep urine acidic is:
- A. Milk
- B. Grape juice
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apple juice (C) acidifies urine, deterring UTIs. Milk (A) is neutral, grape (B) less effective, and orange (D) is acidic but less cited. Document: 'Juices such as apple or cranberry help maintain acidity of urine.'
A 14-year-old boy appears with tall stature, long limbs, and a heart murmur. Echocardiogram reveals aortic root dilation. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Klinefelter syndrome
- B. Marfan syndrome
- C. Growth hormone excess
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Marfan syndrome fits tall stature, long limbs, and aortic dilation, per AAP (doc p151, Q606).